English lecturer Dr. Bhawani Shankar Adhikari ( Bhawani Adhikari) the one who finished his PhD in the 'portrayal of Punishment and Fear (Fearism) in Vedavyasa's The Garudamaha Puranam and in Dante Alighieri's Inferno'. He is an author of EcoFearism and Exotic Fearology. He is the first scholar who successfully applied Fearism (Philosophy of Fearism) in his research thesis in the world. In his thesis, he jointly mixed up Eastern and Western myths. I congratulate him on his innovative work.
Review: Desh Subba's Trans Philosophism by Nicola Tenerelli ForPsiCom - University of Bari -
It is Desh Subba's essay, Trans Philosophism, published in 2021 by Xlibris, English language, is a study that could initially appear as a philosophy of history: "What is presented herein: public made law, rule, constitution, state, court, and government to direct, control and conduct the societies that they developed via theism, the theory of evolution, political theory, Marxism, and now Fearism. Lineage, tribe, caste, and nationality were constituted later. Now, we are living within its periphery. " (p. 47)
Desh Subba's work takes on particular interest because it offers thinkers an unprecedented reinterpretation of the history of philosophy, made by a Nepalese thinker who passionately digs to verify the cornerstones of Western thought, making them his own and reinterpreting them. It often happens that they ask me for an interpretative judgment; I point out that my philosophical training is linked to Western culture; my mind and I are damned tied to a logical structure, a mindset, inescapably Western. It is impossible to take a further logical position, although the strength of philosophical thought is expressed primarily if it translates into freedom, intellectual autonomy. In fact, the goal of philosophy is achieved when the mind takes on a further point of view, knowing full well that it cannot transcend itself and its own essentiality. The substratum of the mind is the rootedness it possesses in nature - time and place - a kind of Aristotelian power (δύναμις) which produces its otherness while remaining linked to its life. Reading Desh Subba's essay first of all invites us to discover what Trans Philosophism is.
Nicola Tenerelli
Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro
With narrative wisdom and philosophical competence, the Author guides the reader in the unprecedented analysis of thinkers such as Hobbes and Marx, Sartre and Foucault, Heidegger and Derrida.
The hidden purpose of the mighty volume is to show the contemporary subject how to understand its complexity in order to become master of himself: this result can only be achieved by seeking the anfang of human action, understanding what is the fulcrum that moves human life. The philosopher manages to Trans philosophism (sic!) By deconstructing history, creating a genealogy of humanity: he will thus discover that the principle from which historical existence moves is fear; the Author can therefore state, paraphrasing Existentialism is a humanism: "It is new path for a new century - 'Trans Philosophism - (existence of) fear precedes essence'." (p. xvii) Using the method of exploration typical of philosophy, Desh Subba produces a re-proposition of Being in an existent key, moving from the moment immediately following the Sartrian being-thrown, and reconstructs the history of humanity that slowly evolves, interacted by the ontic thrust of fear. The production of structure - in the Marxian sense - has always been moved by the constitutive fear with which man must coexist; the eternal inner conflict of the fearful self generates the facts, determining history as a result of the struggle between fear and its overcoming. The transphilosophist understands that fear is the lever with which the human has produced History, but fear increasingly gives way to the spirituality of human beings, producing survival and growth, from the cave to the spaceship: "Fear existed along with the existence of human beings. It encouraged us for further progress. This is a reality hidden behind the motion of civilization and the cyber globe. Tomorrow it will reach space and the galaxy. It is still going on and human existence remains continuous. The globe goes back to the void along with the end of fear. We are born as complementary. We act in different parts till our tasks remain significant. It's like a dream in a play. Our roles end with the end of the play. "(p. 78) we are not faced with the Feuerbachian materialist vision, in which the concept of fear would be considered the anthropological principle according to which every activity can only be called human, even the existence of God.
Desh Subba's Trans Philosophism intends to suggest a new path.
Although not mentioned in this demanding work, many of the principles of the New Science of Giambattista Vico echo, for which man must not delude himself into discovering the laws of nature, since this approach to the world would presuppose both the desire to be able to reconstruct it. Out of nowhere, let it be the arrogance of being able to discover the mystery of existence. Man can only know the only reality he has managed to produce, History, his history, but he must carry out this genealogical reconstruction by placing himself methodologically distant from the Western philosophical tradition: "[...] I utilize the basic reference from Viktor Afanasyev, Marxism Philosophy A Popular Outline. The origin of philosophy is the beginning of creation. It depends on how it has been narrated. A lot of philosophies have come into being while attempting to explore answers to questions. The planet we live in can be divided into material and spiritual. People with a material faith see everything material and the people with spiritual faith see everything spiritual. Yet, all theories developed to look at the world are incomplete. Similarly, the truth we believe in is typically mostly surficial. " (p. 62)
Desh Subba's wit invites reflection that takes into account the constant clash from which cultural achievements and changes, all forms of collectivism, life and relationships are born. The essay interprets the history of Western thought as the history of the contrast between materialism and spiritualism - Plato and Aristotle, which Raphael in the School of Athens depicts one pointing to the sky, the other to the earth -: this dichotomous vision must be overcome. To do this, the transphilosopher declares himself to be a Mateidealist, engaged in the simultaneous knowledge of his matter and his interiority, since both are part of the world, where everything is in everything, and in all things there is the intellect - The (things) that mix together and separate and disjoin, all the Intellect has known (Anaxagoras, DK 59 fr. 12) -. "Fearism is a Mateidealism. To understand, to make somebody understand and to feel frightened are related to Fearism. It originated in the ancient period. Socialism and capitalism remain meaningless unless each applies a theory of subsistence. So, philosophy should explore these issues to reach depth. We are working in a task force on the exploration and resolution of equivalent issues. It focuses on subsistence. " (p. 76)
Desh Subba's tension is all concentrated to demonstrate that there is inseparable unity between knowledge and life; understanding that everything is one - men and nature - represents the last form of awareness that can lead the subject back to greater moral solidity, being able to grasp being to free himself from fear: it is the attempt to reach the top of the mountain more unexplored to be able to look the other way, with the hope of freeing oneself from the torment of the unknown! "Why does it birth fear? And I found the nectar of fear in the mount Kumbhakarna Himal. There is a myth in my village, on the top of Kumbhakarna Himal, there is herbal plant of immortality. It is hard to climb and with a steep summit. Phoktanglungma (Phoktang means shoulder and lungma means Mountain) named in local Limbu Language. Originally it looks like one side of a broken soldier. Villagers maybe made the myth up because it is hard to climb. Many beautiful mountains of Nepal which are virgin are not open for climbing. I was looking for a metaphor of fear, and I found genesis of meaning. " (p. 423)
At the end of the reading of Trans Philosophism, agile thanks to clear writing, is it necessary to resist the usual Western temptation to deconstruct and decode Desh Subba's thought in order to attribute to it an ism - utopian? pantheist? -, making it immediately understandable, and then putting it aside. The Author's message is important with which he invites us to educate the intellectual capacity to understand a further project, because it is in the strength of human beings to be able to renew and grow, recognize themselves in others and overcome errors. The trans-philosopher Desh Subba suggests to human beings that the time has come to build a "fear-free-zone" (p. 438), a possible social place, a collective experience that makes history. The greatness of a man is to be a bridge and not a goal: in man, it is possible to love that he is a transition and a sunset (Prologue of Zarathustra, 4): only by getting rid of his own Icheit is it possible that every man learns to reduce at a minimum the ancestral coexisted fear to help create a more just and shared world.
Note: Originally it is written in the Italian Language. With the permission of the author Nicola Tenerelli, I have posted an English translation via Google, for English readers’. Original Italian text can be read at this link.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357240811_Recensione_Desh_Subba_Trans_Philosophism
Author Bhawani Shankar Adhikari
EXOTIC FEAROLOGY is a book emerged with ample examples of fear study on the countenances of the people especially on the various airports during the beginning of the coronavirus spread from China to western world and different narratives as coronavirus, airports, seas and the author as in the meditative trance with the poetic voice of reality of eco-turbulence globally. The examples of traumatic sights of the visitors of the planes have been reflected in the co-writing with Dr. R. Michael Fisher and the author himself on the principle of what Fearology is and its implication to day to day life as experienced being in traumatic form. It has, of course, provided a new taste and knowledge for the readers so far.
This paper by Adhikari, displays Death as the ultimate invisible truth of Life. It draws forth the example of various characters and events on how Death has acted as the most powerful human agent to equalize all people, either the powerful or the powerless. It has made the link with the philosophers' principle of invisible truth of Plato, who draws the idea from Socrates. COVID-19 and its influence on virtually the entire world is taken as the example of fear functioning as the master of all humanity in the world. If outside visible things of the world are regarded as false, Death which is invisible, and hence the fear of death, is the final truth of externally unseen things.
Death which is invisible, and hence the fear of death, is the final truth of externally unseen things.
Key Words: death, fear, COVID-19, mythology, Lord Krishna, Kamsa, images, shadows, traumatic, discourse
Bhawani Shankar Adhikari
Introduction
Plato takes the discourse of Socrates' idea of invisible truth in the philosophical dispute. The external visible things are not truth and the real truth is unseen and in fact the fear of death is the real truth. The word "fear" is the human instinct. It is linked with the psychological aspect of the individuals and the amount of fear differs person to person and society to society. It depends on the background of his or her upbringing. Science has created everything but it has not created to measure the exact amount of the individuals' fear as we take the temperature of the fever or the heat of the living creatures. But fear is the master of all. It has become the root cause of invention and the present civilization of the entire world. There is no place to hide the fear of the individuals and the extreme and low forms of fear becomes detrimental all the time and only the medium fear becomes the true guiding principle in the better path of life. Sigmund Freud's concept of fear is concerned with the idea of the uncertainty. "The term fear, whose metapsychological status remains uncertain (Google, stark stein)" indicates that fear comes with uncertainty and Death itself is the matter of uncertainty but it is the truth of life.
Fear of Death is the ultimate and the greatest one in the life of not only human beings but also in the life of all living creatures. Man is always active and busy in life but when the inner truth of life is revealed to him or her, then everything becomes worthless, meaningless and the useless one. This inner truth of life is Death and it is always lurking behind us but we forget it and ignore it. We become unconscious about the reality of Death. When we become conscious about Death, then we scare too much about it. This is the invisible and unseen truth of life. The unseen truth to the fear of Death is the lack of consciousness and the knowledge. Nepali thinker Mr. Desh Subba has presented the figure of fear in relation to consciousness and knowledge. "Life . . . consciousness . . . knowledge (Meaning) . . . fear . . . cognition (Subba)." It is obvious that fear does not come without the consciousness and the knowledge. Subba means that knowledge must be the knowledge of meaning. If a person does not have the knowledge of Cobra's poison containing the life taking strength, then the person does not get scared but when he knows about its danger or sees someone being passed away by the Cobra's bite, then the person is scared. Likewise when the person knows that he or she is suffering from the terminal cancer and he or she does not live long, then it is called the knowledge about his or her own Death. Then the person is scared much more. Can we call it the ultimate truth is the "Fear of Death"? It is also because the Death is unseen and hidden and it becomes the most powerful force to lead the life and the entire world. In the absence of the fear, the whole universe can not function properly and in its system.
Fear in Hidden truth
The philosophers have done the research regarding the truth and the unseen power. Plato has drawn the allegorical concept of the reality and facts. Plato's "Allegory of Cave" is the philosophical principle of getting into the world of the truth. Plato's figure of the burning fire and the people of the den are watching the shades of the burning fire but they have not seen the real burning fire and they believe that the images of the fire of other sides' shadows are the truth. They trust in the false images as the ultimate truth but know nothing about the real truth. They are in the cave in ignorance. If anyone comes out of the cave with knowledge and knows the truth, and if he comes back to the cave again and convinces the cave dwelling people to know the truth, then the cave dwellers do not trust him or her. The cave dwellers do not want to come out of the cave. They do not know the invisible, unseen, and the ultimate truth. The real truth is hidden from the visible scenes of outside world. The allegory is explained:
Plato has Socrates describe a group of people who have lived chained to the wall of a cave all over their lives, facing a black wall. The people watch shadows projected on the wall from objects passing in front of fire behind them, and give names to these shadows. The shadows are the prisoners' reality. Socrates explains how the philosopher is like a prisoner who is freed from the cave and comes to understand that the shadows on the wall are not reality at all, he can perceive the true form of reality rather than the manufactured reality that is the shadows seen by the prisoners. The inmates of the place do not even desire to leave their prison, for know no better life. The prisoners manage to break their bonds one day and discover that their reality was not what they thought it was. They discovered the sun, which Plato uses as an analogy for the fire that man can not see behind like the fire that cast light on the walls of the cave, the human condition is forever bound to the impressions that are received through the senses. (Plato Wikipedia)
This concept of Plato shows that what we see in the outside world with our senses is not the truth but only the images and shadows of the fire is the truth for the cave dwellers but the real truth is invisible and unseen. Our visible form of the world is just the shadows created by the light of the fire to the prisoners who are chained and can see the shadows on the opposite walls. When one of the prisoners comes out of the cave and learns the truth of outside by the knowledge and the learning and he goes back to the cave and tries to convince the prisoners but they do not believe in it. They are habituated to live in the cave and the truth is the truth of the images of the opposite wall created by the fire. So, truth is unseen from the eyes in the visible world. So is the case of the fear of the Death. The allegory of the cave is the lack of enlightens through the education and learning. We are all in the cave of the world because this world itself is the cave in a sense to those people who are without the knowledge of the truth. Man without of knowledge of the truth is in the condition of without knowing the fear of final truth of life.
Realization of Fear
Fear is all around the life of all the living beings but the function of fear depends on the condition and the situation when and where a person faces it in real life. A person thinks that the power holding people enjoy the life. The person believes that the king would be enjoying the life most but when these types of people receive the position of power and the responsibility, then they realize the real fear in life even with the power in their hands. The best example of it is found in The Greek Legend entitled "The Sword of Damocles". In this legend, the common person, Damocles believes that the king of Sicily, Dionysius enjoys the power most and Damocles flatters the king most to receive the position to enjoy. The king knows the truth and he decides to give the moral lesson to Damocles by making him the king temporarily in the banquet. Damocles is made the king and given him the due respect with the crown on his head but the "sword" was put hanging above his head tied by a single hair and Damocles had to taste the food every time. Then Damocles realized the real fear. It is narrated:
When the time of the banquet arrived next day, and the high born guests had all assembled, Damocles, clothed in royal robes, was bidden by the king to ascend the throne; and a golden crown was then placed upon his head, whilst all the guests were commanded to render him the same honour and deference as they would have done to Dionysius himself. . . . The heaviness of the crown soon made his head ache . . . it was somewhat irritating to have to await tasting of every dish offered to him by the royal tasters, for fear it might be poisoned . . . a keen edged naked sword suspended from the roof by a single hair exactly over his head . . . he would be instantly killed and filled with terror at the thought, he entreated the tyrant to permit him to take a lower seat at the board. (Nissani 51-52)
This extract displays that Damocles realized the truth of the fear of the Death only when he was made a king for the time being during the Royal Banquet but with the sword hanging over his head with a single hair and the fear of tasting the food and it might have been poisoned him too. The realization of true fear to Damocles came only when he was in the position under the sharpest sword over his head and it might have fallen at any time and killed him. If he was not placed him in such a position, he would not be in the situation of realization of fear and he would be forever in the condition of Plato's "Allegory of the Cave". Likewise the realization of fear of death comes only when the person knows his or her death is nearing him or her. Fear is invisible and unseen but it is only felt and realized like the fear of corona virus pandemic.
Influence of fear in life
The role of fear is seen and felt only in the life of a person when he or she is the victim of fear. The psychological fear becomes much more powerful than only other kinds of the fear. When the fear exists in the inner voice, minds, and the soul of a person, then it can be seen in the visible form of a person. When the fear influences to the person, then he or she can lose the minds and he or she becomes the mental patient. When a person is entirely under the domination of fear, he or she goes in the traumatic condition. It becomes too complicated to bring him in the right and normal condition again. The fear makes the person abnormal and it does not have any kind of treatment system. So, fear is mainly concerned with psychology of a person. Too much fear troubles the person and he or she suffers too much and forgets him what he or she has done in the actual life.
The example of influence of fear in the life of Armando Gonzalez in a story from Puebla, Mexico entitled "Fear' is practically experienced. Armando was a poor man without home. He had saved fifty thousand pesos in twenty years of hard work and he went in the bank to withdraw the money to buy the house but he was scared of the crowd and he put his hate at the back side of his head. And everyone looked at him. He was afraid with everyone in the bank, in the bus and even with the three boy students and got out of the bus in the middle of the road and ran to the forest. He cried for help and the three boys followed him to help him what had happened to him but he thought they were the robbers. Armando was in tragic condition because of over influence of fear in that particular time. The last scene of his fear is expressed: "As Armando started to get up, the three boys came over a pile of metals pieces and approached him cautiously. He cried like a baby." Why do not you leave me alone? I earned all of this money through hard work! (Lohani 43)". This extract shows that fear of being away from getting his money robbed from the robbers victimizes Armando Gonzalez and his mental condition of fear changed him into a baby like situation and he cries like a baby and requests the three boys to leave him. Armando has experienced the real fear in his life.
Another real fear and its influences are found in the life of Kamsa in Krishna Leela. The saint's prophecy was that the eighth son of Kamsa's sister, Dewaki, would kill him and Kamsa put his sister, Dewaki and her husband, Bashudev, in the prison from the day of their wedding and went on killing her babies up to the six sons but Balaram and Krishna were saved. They were brothers. They were reared in Gokula in the house of Yasodha and Nandalal. Then the evil king, Kamsa of Mathura, sent the numbers of monsters to kill Krishna but they were killed one by one by Krishna since he was the incarnation of Lord Krishna to free the people from injustice on the Earth. The Kamsa was much more scared and psychologically he was disordered. He did not get sleep. He was surprised with the news of Krishna. He had put even his own father in the prison. He was scared of his own life. He did not want to die. But he made a conspiracy and brought Krishna and his brother Balaram in the palace of Kamsa in Mathura to kill them but Krishna killed Kamsa. His murder is narrated:
There is a mention of the event in the Padma Puran, one of the ancient Puranas of Hindu mythologies. Kamsa was the maternal uncle of Lord Krishna who swore to kill Lord Krishna because according to a prophecy, Lord Krishna would kill him otherwise. Kamsa was a very cruel person and germinated fear in human hearts by his nefarious ways. In fact the Tilla where Krishna killed Kamsa is called the Kamsa Tilla. Krishna pulled Kamsa off his throne as he pulled him by the hair. (Google)
Why Kamsa does all the evil activities from the beginning to the end of his life is because of the fear of Death of him from Lord Krishna. His best friend, Bashudev, who becomes the brother- in- law as soon as he gets married with Dewaki also becomes the problem in Kamsa's life. Kamsa does not want to die. All the evil and cruel activities that the king of Mathura, Kamsa, performs from the fear of the Death and he does not want to die from the hand of the Lord Krishna and the fear of death is the invisible truth.
COVID-19's Fear
Fear is concerned with the security of life. People scare of losing their life and they do whatever the ways they can do to save the life from the Death. Corona virus got started in China on 31 December 2019 and "The outbreak was declared a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020. On 11 February 2020, WHO announced a name for the new Corona virus disease: COVID-19 (Google)".
World Health Organization's idea is to lockdown the countries to minimize the spread of Corona virus in the world. To lockdown the countries and to stay home with the principle of social distancing is nothing more than the fear of Death. The whole world has come to the position of stand still by the fear of Death. What can be more powerful and fearful except the Death? The fear of Death from Corona virus has brought the entire world in this position and the Death is unknown to humans and people become busy to move ahead in the day to day life. If he/she knows the time of Death, then he/she stops doing anything in life. The fears are of multiple types but the fear of Death is the complicated one. It is stated:
Thanatophobia, of fear of Death, is a relatively complicated phobia. Many, if not most, people are afraid of dying. Some people fear being dead, while others are afraid of the actual act of dying . . . . Many people's fear of Death is tied to their religious belief . . . . Some people think that they know what will happen after Death; but worry that they may be wrong. Some believe that the path to salvation is very straight and narrow, and fear that any deviation or mistakes may cause then to be eternally condemned . . . . Thanatophobia may also have roots in fears of the unknown.(Fritscher Google)
This article displays that people scare the unknown and in fact that unknown is nothing other than the "Death". Whatever the types of the fear it may be, it is concerned with "Death". Fear of religion, fear of scarcity, fear of any types of weapons, fear of journey, fear of animals and creatures and any types of fear that humans have is directly or indirectly linked with "Death". So the ultimate truth of unseen fear is the fear of "Death".
Death is unknown to man. The person does not know how long he lives and when he dies. So, the truth is that the "Death" is unknown and hidden from the minds of the people. Leo Tolstoy has presented this concept in his story "What men live by". A man was ordering the shoes that would last long but the shoe maker started making slippers. Later the shoe maker was reported that the man had died and he needed the slippers to put on his coffin. And the shoe- maker provided to the messenger of the dead person the same slippers which he had made before. "What dwells in man? What is not given to man? And what men live by? (Google Tolstoy)" are the three questions asked to find the right answers.
"What is not given to man" is the right question to know the fact that man is not given to know his own death. It is beyond the idea of his ability to find out his death. It is hidden and no one knows when and how his Death comes to take his life. If a man knows about his own Death, then he stops every thing that he is doing what it is supposed to do in life. Hence, the Death is hidden in reality and it is the truth of getting scared of. The visible reality is false as Socrates and Plato have argued in their philosophical discourse. Something invisible truth of fear is the fear of Death.
Conclusion
Death is the agent of equalizer to all either it is ruler or the ruled ones. The Death does not respect the rich and neither hates the poor. The fear of Death is found in the life of all humans, animals, and the creatures. The fear of Death is the invisible truth to all. The amount of fear depends on the situation and the events in person to person but no one is immune from the fear of Death. Even if we ignore the fear of Death in our youth, we cannot do so when the Death comes near to the person. Death is always lurking behind us and we are not aware of it but when we become aware of it, we become helpless. COVID-19th lockdown in the entire world is the real fear of Death. Hence the fear of Death exists just like the fear of Corona virus which is not seen but only felt and realized by all the humans of the world as a real truth.
Bhawani Shankar Adhikari
English lecturer, Balmeeki Campus, Kathmandu
Nepal Sanskrit University, Nepal
Works Cited
Fritscher, Lisa. Thanatophobia Diagnosis and Treatment: Fear of Death. Google. https://www.verywellmind.com>Thanatophobia. Wave.
Google. https://www.who.int>diseases>org.
Google. Starksteins. Sigmund Freud and the Psycho analytical concept of Fear and Aniety. https://link.springer.com.
Google. www.https://m. dailyhunt.in>india>ore. wave.
Lohani,Shreedhar p and etal.the Magic of words. M.K. Publishers & Distributers, Bhotahity, Kathmandu. 2000. Print.
Nissani, Moti and Shreedhar Lohani. Flax-Golden Tales: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Learning English.Ekta Bookss, Kathmandu, Nepal. 2008. Print.
Plato. Allegory of Cave. Google. Www. https://en.m.wikipedia.org. Wave.
Subba, Desh. Philosophy of Fearism: Life is Conducted, Directed and Controlled by the fear. Xbris. 2014. Print.
Tolstoy, Leo. What men Live by? https://en.m.wikipedia.org.
Political Fearism -
"Father of political science Thomas Hobbes and fear were born twins, they lived together and died together."
"A man is by birth rational and fearful animal, life is process of fearless."
After reading a quote of Hobbes, I started to think his philosophy in fearism perspective. I have given its name Fearolotical (Fear+Political=Fearolotical). Simple logic behind it is; fear precedes politic.
Character of the state of nature is Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, short, no preservation, war, threatening, warning, danger, death, killing, violence, insecure=fear
Character of the state of sovereignty is government, institution, power, court, law, justice, prison, punishment, command, authority, order, preservation, force=fearless
.A man, government, or institution starts when switch on (fear on). Appearance of fear is a silent in Hobbes's entire philosophy, not visible but active like under eraser of Derrida. He says, "Liberty is in silence of law ". (Hobbes146) I say, "Law wakes up; when fear rings bell.-" Fear is gravity and motion, fear (>) is greater than (<) other emotions. It can be scientific and mathematically explained because Hobbes preferred scientific presentation. So, our motions (life) move towards fearless. In below images, fear and fearless activities are motion of fear-gravity. The state of nature was between two fears as sandwich (before coinage and after avoiding).
Political philosophy (Fear+Political=Fearolotical) philosophy can be understood exclusively (Hobbes) of Thomas Hobbes was born because of fear (state of nature and civil war of England). According to him, the nature of man was solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short (Hobbes 83-84). His famous quotation was he was born twins with fear. He was not only born twins with fear; he was lived with fear and died with fear. He had preferred absolute monarchy; it was his best system to preserve live. Core part of whole philosophy is in the heart of preservation. Again, preservation can be defined as binary of fear. It means he had feared all the time. No preservation, war, threatening, warning, danger, death, killing, violence, and insecure were to fear. In the state of nature man had special character that was rational. Using his distinct attribute, he avoided the state of nature.
Preservation, protection and secure was his priority. We can read it starting to the end of The Leviathan. It looks common for all the people; as a Fearism author, I look everything; life to cosmos in Fearism perspective.
It is obvious that since the beginning of his life, fear had great role. Prior to the civil war of England, he guessed that the situation was worsening. It was the Fear of unknown happening, thus he left England and lived in Paris. Though in Paris; fear was chasing him all the way of his life. It couldn't detach from body, it was the shadow of life. He was looking external solution, but it was dwelled within him.
He exiled himself in 1640 and wrote the Leviathan when he was in Paris. He thought, the accident of Socrates might repeat to him. Same phenomena were happened to Aristotle 323 B. C. such chaotic and fearful situation played major role in his thinking. Hobbes applied fearful life, and environmental fact in fearolotical philosophy to draw people's attention. He wanted to make scientific laws like law of gravity and motion. Law of gravity is the law of fear. How much magnetic power fear had; nothing had in comparison to fear. Every compass of life was attracted by fear (magnetic fear). Omitting the fear from the state; state would be paralyzed. It proves that state of gravity was the fear. Fear had the powerful magnetic and hypnotized power. One needle of fear was towards him and he wanted to turn out that needle to the political direction. His political direction was the political science. This political science is what I called 'Fearoloticalogy'.
A man used his reason to avoid the state of nature. He explored and found the law of divine and law of man. He mixed up both and developed political science. In the round figure, political theory of Hobbes is a theory of fear and fearless. It is an image of his state and he writes about state as:
-"The gods were at first created by human fear. "The old poet is very true. In philosophy of Fearism (2014) I have written god is a fear. In the state of nature, there was nothing except fears of starvation, animals, and natural powers. These calamities were risk of life. So, they started to worship them as a god. After many years, people began to fear with them, which they established.
A man, who looks too far before him, in the care of future time, hath his heart all day long, gnawed on by fear of death, poverty, or other calamity; and has no repose, nor pause of his anxiety, but in sleep.(ibid 72)
-Fear of death, evil, poverty, or other calamity is the bottom line of a man. For being that there be caused of all things that have arrived hitherto or shall arrive hereafter; are cause of fears.
Hereby it is manifested, that during the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, and they are in that condition which is called war; and such a war, as is of every man against every man. (ibid 83-84)
-"They were in that condition which is called war; and such a war, as is of every man against every man." It is famous dictum of Hobbes in 17th century; it is very practical hitherto now. It was that time men lived without a common power to keep them all in awe. In normal condition, we seek friends, relatives, when abnormal situation appears, all goes to deem and self – preservation comes forward. It happens when food becomes shortage like shortage of mask and sanitizer nowadays. In the state of nature, nobody had food store. It was the reason; war was against of every man. In the fearism it is written, man has stronger war than dog that fights for the bone. Man's fear struggle is more danger than animal because man can use rational, nepotism, bribes, conspiracy, flatter and force.
THE RIGHT OF NATURE, which writers commonly call just naturale, is the liberty each man hath, to use his own power, as he will himself, for the preservation of his own nature; that is to say, of his own life, and consequently, of doing anything, which in his own judgment, and reason, he shall conceive to be the aptest means thereunto. (ibid 86)
-For the preservation the right of nature of a man; that is to say, of his own life; and consequence.
A LAW OF NATURE, (lex naturalis) is a percept, or general rule, found out by reason, by which a man is forbidden to do, that, which is destructive of his life, or taketh away the means of preserving the same; and to omit, that, by which he thinketh it may be best preserved. (ibid 86)
-A law of nature, which is forbidden to do, that, which is destructive of his life, or taketh away the means of preserving the same, so he wanted to avoid it because he didn't see any preservation there. Omit, that, by which he thought it may be best preserved. It was the thinking of Hobbes.
The mutual transferring of right is that which men call CONTRACT. ((ibid 89)
-At last the nature of state reached to the position of CONTRACT. It was the mutual transferring of right to save the life. According to Hobbes, the best solution and option to exit from the solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short was contract.
Good and evil, are names that signify our appetites, and aversions. (ibid 105)
-Appetites, and aversions is also famous dictum of Hobbes. Appetite was the prime reason of war. Limited food couldn't fulfill the appetite, to find more; needed to invade others. No one could sit silent; their appetite didn't let a man sit in rest and peace because if it didn't fulfill, chances would be to lose the life. Increasing appetite was the caused to make enemies. A man was always sandwich between fear of being hungry and fear of enemy. How to do the best to preserve life? It was the final cause. Aversion was secondary action. If a man didn't like or fear, he had a way of aversion. In some case, a fear chases a man.
If they think good, to a monarch, as absolutely, as to any other representative. (ibid 123)
-In concept of Hobbes; he mentioned absolute monarch is the best political system. Absolute monarch can secure life better way than assemble.
And thus I have brought to end my Discourse of Civil and Ecclesiastical Government, occasioned by the disorders of the present time, without partiality, without application, and without order design than to set before man's eyes the mutual relation between protection and obedience; of which the condition of human nature, and the law of divine, (both natural and positive) require an inviolable observation. (ibid475)
-At the end Hobbes in his Fearolotical philosophy; Discourse of Civil and Ecclesiastical Government, he focused in the mutual relation between protection and obedience. Base of his state was the protection; it was in first priority. Outstanding were supportive to the protection.
Conclusion
It shows that man abandoned the state of nature because of many problems and fears. He made social contract, in the contract; it is doctrine that; sovereignty may be assembly, absolute monarchy and institution. To sovereignty, through the contract, he gave all his natural right except self – preservation. In the state of nature, self-preservation was in danger; so, he left it. If preservation was danger in state, he could revolt against the government because this right was not handed over to the state. At any cost and at any means preservation was the most important. If no life everything would be useless. To avoid the fear of the state of nature; he created artificial social contract and handed over to absolutely power (monarchy, government and commonwealth).Entire political philosophy of Hobbes wandered around the hide and seek of fear and fearless. Not only his theory; theory of John Locke, J.J. Rousseau, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and Karl Marx is also in the periphery of fear, but it is veil. A man is by birth rational and fearful animal. For any kinds of contract there was a hidden fear. The state of nature was the state of fear for a man because a man was by birth rational and fearful. He had a great war against his fears rather than his enemy. A man lived with external and internal fears; he had war against his fears all the time. It was known as fear struggle in the history of fearism.
What was the incident Hobbes wanted to avoid the state of nature, pin point was fear. Cruel civil war he faced and it stroke him. He has taken the state of nature as its backbone. His state of nature is hard liner, Locke softer and the Rousseau the softest. After reading him and sharing experience, we can say, a man by birth is fearful animal and life is the process of fearless. Political Fearism is a faculty of Philosophy of Fearism.
He has long reference about Bible and explanation in the last chapters. His advocating was the absolute monarchy. He had good relationship with royal families. Hobbes was against power division. He argued share power means share punishment, reward and law. It developed powerless sovereignty. As consequence; it could beget unhealthy society. He followed the absolute power system of God. God never shared his power that was the reason; everyone followed him because everyone got terrified with him. One point was mismatching; in the kingdom of a man, people can revolt the government if danger comes for the preservation but it was impossible in the kingdom of the God.
It is an example article of Rephilosophy. In Philosophy of Fearism (2014), I have used Dephilosophy; now using Rephilosophy. Dephilosophy needs to deconstruct first but in rephilosophy, it doesn't require. It can be directly rephilosophy means rethink or reanalyze.
(I have taken reference from book of Thomas Hobbes the Leviathan. In the article I have shown the fearism effect on his political theory and invisible fear was the important to invent political science.)
This article is edited by David Nwaobi, Osinakachi Akuma Kalu, Bhawani Shankar Adhikary and Rachelle Roberthon Favaloro.
Reference
"New philosophical concept -- 'FEARISM'
Dr. Srihari Wani, Kanpur, UP, India
Here under the heading of the above mentioned book on 'Fearism' Desh Subba writes in small letter that--- 'Life is conducted, directed, and controlled by the fear', but I think it should be corrected a little bit and rewrite that, 'The universe is conducted, directed, and controlled by the fear.
"New philosophical concept -- 'FEARISM' of Desh Subba from Hong Kong" A Hindi review by Dr. Srihari Wani of Kanpur (India) was published in "Vaishay pariwar patrika" in July-2016 which was translated to English by Mrs. Naju Hatikakoty Baruah of Tezpur, Assam (India)
Philosopher, investigator and reputed author, and moreover winner of 5 International Book Award from America in the year 2015 for the book "Philosophy of Fearism," Desh Subba was an inhabitant of Hong Kong at present. In his concept 'Fearism' 'fear' is such word that drives human mind. As, no disease; can be treated without the proper knowledge of its source. Similarly, 'Fearism' is the process to reach to the root of fear.
Here under the heading of the above mentioned book on 'Fearism' Desh Subba writes in small letter that--- 'Life is conducted, directed, and controlled by the fear', but I think it should be corrected a little bit and rewrite that, 'The universe is conducted, directed, and controlled by the fear,' It is to say that, not only the life, but the whole creation is perhaps conducted, directed, and controlled by fear. Most probably Darwin feels something like that, and so while discussing the matter according to the development of creation he writes--- Struggle for existence. That is to say 'Struggle for Survival,' indirectly the glimpses of fearism seen here too. Because whenever it is seen that, the struggle is to save existence, there also the root cause of fear is the endanger condition of existence. I think that the root conscious, moreover the mass particle of the creation have the fear to be destroyed and to be extinct. And, so, that their every effort is to save and establish themselves. Naturally abundant of happenings happened in this world and the process to save existence also goes on at the same time but we don't have attention towards them.
Perhaps fear is the root instigator force to discover all the comfort and convenience of surgery in medical science which deliberately included 'fearism'
Do we think that, why do the stone that slop down from the mountain or the drifted stone in the flow of river gradually turns into circular shape? Why do numerous planets, stars, and the broken masses in the space hold the circular shape? Why don't they remain as square, rectangular, cylindrical, and in triangular shape? Because it is clear that, the structure of the circular shape is such a specific shape where there is no any very weak point or corners to strike to break down easily. In the circular shape of the circumference its internal gravity can equally detain it with its magnetic attraction. This is an easy natural process. But its root cause is also the fear of disperse of existence. See the activity of all the plant and animals, in fear of extinction of their self-existent, before the conclusion of their present physical existence they begin to continue the process construction, preservation, and protection for their future generations with the help of their genomes. The fear of extinction, being worthless existence or it is to say that, fear to be destroyed their clue is not a fear that effect only the nature but the same fear insist human being too to perform some unimaginable activity. Perhaps fear is the root instigator force to discover all the comfort and convenience of surgery in medical science which deliberately included 'fearism'. To ensure the thought of fearism at this time is to advancing towards youth. Now what do the theorist/ thinkers of the whole universe can find out from the bottomless sea of 'fearism,' it is in the womb of the future...
Mike Tyson said, "Fear is like fire, you can burn your house
down and kill yourself-or cook food and warm yourself."
Fearless Engagement of Four Arrows is the true story of Four Arrows (Dr. Don T. Jacobs) since his child years to his life at 71. He is an internationally recognized important indigenous scholar and mixed-blood American. Four Arrow is an activist of fearless. He has been advocating his own kind of fearless movement since 1970s.
How to be fearless moving beyond fears is the primary teaching Four Arrows shares in his real-life teaching stories as practical advice in the book. This intellectual biography is written by the educator-fearologist R. Michael Fisher. CAT-FAWN model is introduced to readers as Four Arrows’ discovery of a radical approach to de-hypnotize ourselves from negative fear. Four Arrows knows fear deeply, for example when he was challenged: "I must have felt enough fear after the March 2008 diagnosis of non- Hodgkins lymphoma..." (p.246) He uses CAT-FAWN as an inspiring means plus other tools to keep the disease from killing him.
Four Arrows says, " [my] Near-death-experience (NDE) while white-water kayaking on the Rio Urique in 1983 is one of the real experiences of fear." It is real fear experience, the kind that transforms one’s life completely.
I enjoyed other stimulating quotes, like Mike Tyson said, "Fear is like fire, you can burn your house down and kill yourself-or cook food and warm yourself." (p. 244) Four Arrows trained wild horses and learned a great deal about fear and how to manage it. A beautiful sentence by Fisher says, "If fear is the horse, courage is the rider." During the reading, I think readers will feel like they are together with Four Arrows in his activities described in detail of risking while swimming, playing, horse riding, teaching and kayaking.
The integrative conversation approach of the book between the author and subject Four Arrows and Fear—multiple characters—is fascinating. It helps readers to make more clear most all things about fear and fearless. I hope this book is good for those readers who are experiencing fear and willing to know real fear.
Michel Foucault: "knowledge is power and social structure is constituted by power."
DeshSubba: "Knowledge is fear and any kind of structure is constituted by fear. Existence of fear precedes power."
-Desh Subba
Houses are essence of our fears and it stands on the mixture of cement, iron, sands and concrete etc. These essences are for protecting life and house. Strong materials are primary and boundary is secondary protection. 'Self' stands on the base of 'body self', and religion, culture, politics, tradition are protection of 'body self' as boundaries. 'Individual Self' is combination of body self and boundaries. 'Fearomenon' (fear and phenomenon or fear/phenomenon) is attached with it.
The most invisible power is power of fear. Cat doesn't show power until he/she has options. Generous man doesn't show power until, he/she has options. Foucault's power theory's motive is a perspective of analyzing everyday life and history showing that knowledge/power tends to create fear and rule over individuals, families, societies and nations. Some are ‘in power’ to control or manage knowledge production and consumption. Same could be said of fear. Like other philosophers, typically, Foucault’s knowledge conception tends to veil fear beneath it—that is, it obscures more than it reveals, in terms of the fearomenon of existence. It is this latter substrate of existence where the real-power is.
Size (or quantum) of fear is like the (unconscious= 99%) hidden part of an ice berg. The conscious part above water level that is visible is about 1% quantum of the total size. Foucault focuses on 1% ‘Knowledge’ aspect and misses 99%--thus, his understanding of ‘Power’ related to both fear/knowledge is highly understated, and distortive. Fear is in a place of unconscious means in langue and power is in the place of conscious means in parole.
In the Fear System, fear is in the place of sun and other parts are in the revolving form of planets.
We can understand knowledge/power theory by parole and longue. Parole is power and longue is fear, means fear is important like heart and paroles are body parts. Forms of power are punishment, sovereign power, disciplinary power, surveillance, panopticon, law; prison and watchman are paroles of fear. In the Fear System, fear is in the place of sun and other parts are in the revolving form of planets. Fear has attraction gravity. Concept of surveillance is the watching—and fear motivates it. Some places we can see photo of two eyes. It means we are being watched by someone—watched by discourses of fear and the knowledge/power that accompanies it. Foucault ought to have better derived a unit of analysis for a critique of history as in fear/knowledge/power.As in institutions disciplining their ‘subjects’ we find the religious always circulating upon an eternal recurrence of fear of being watched by god. Fear of power(god) controls them to do sin.
Amygdala is biological fear brain-center like epicenter. It generates amygdalary fear and makes a structure within the body. Fear existence precedes essence that is structure. Individual, society and nation are structured bodies of amygdalary fear generation. Family, government, judiciary, parliaments are examples. Every individual is structured and generated by amygdalary Fear System—as biological (Natural) foundation is re-appropriated for psychological (Cultural) architectures.Collective body is society and collective society is government. Collective body of society and government is nation. Direct fears are in conscious part(1% quantum) and indirect fears are in (the 99% quantum) unconscious parts of ice berg. Fear Studies are intended to look to the ‘below’ the ice berg and include the studies of direct, indirect and silent fears—which remained largely veiled for Foucault, but also most all philosophers.
Amygdala is biological fear brain-center like epicenter.
It generates amygdalary fear and makes a structure within the body.
(The Lord Vishnu in Universal form)
Foucault's knowledge/power is like sandwich between fear and fearless. For individual; more fear blast in mind as mental problems but in society blast as revolt. His great contribution is fear management through his books. First monitors by supervisor (fear), later themselves (fearless).
The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge, as written in the Bible. I say knowledge is fear and god is a fear too. The details I’ve written in Philosophy of Fearism(2014). Game of knowledge is on the hand of religious and philosophical players. They are wrestling since the dawn of knowledge in the ring. Challenging and exercising question is coming to juxtaposing, that is death. To know death is it power, god or fear? How does fear of the Lord and power become the knowledge? We are as humanity in a great whirl of confusion. Keeping aside these grand narrations of existence and history, we practically need to ask our self:are we right? Doctor said, "You are suffering from cancer." After knowing diagnosis, name of cancer then what we really feel power, god or fear? The dilemma is hovering in our mind. Who is telling the truth? It is very hard to attain clean philosophical solution because too much soot.
There is plenty of space to do contemporary discourse/criticism in power theory. I have chosen power and related matters because these are face to face core matter of fearism.
Key critic notes;
a. Physically fear starts from amygdala, which is first developed part among four parts of human brain. Amygdala is a primitive part; its main function is look after processing threats and modulating fear quantum. There is no special part in brain to look after power.
b. Amygdala generates amygdalary fear and amygdalary fear constructs structures of man, society and nation.
c. Source of power is existence of fear, it precedes essence,discipline, punishment, prison, control, Juridical and repress, resistance, apparatus, biopower, and ethic etc. USA has fear with enemies, then stores powers and bombs fear based on fear.
d. Power is primary dialectic of fear.
e. Civilization history starts from stone tools and civilization is history of fear struggle.
f. Consciousness- knowledge- social consciousness self (person like house)
g. Source of production is fear (termination, lose income, dark future etc.)not power.
h. Power remains until it creates fear. We have seen dictators, countries, Institutions, law and heads of institutions. People feared with them until they had power, when public stopped to fear they became powerless and collapse.
i. Relation of government, society run in circle of fear but family runs opposite pyramid of fear.
j. Power hierarchy is dominated by double fear hierarchy (i.e., Fear System).
k. Concept of Plato's 'Gyen Ring' was image for fear purpose.
l. Scientific, cultural, political, religious truths were established using fear. Hitler's truth, Roman Catholic's truth, gender truth, myth truth, Hindu truth, Muslim truths were established by fear. The sun revolves around the earth was religious truth. When Giordano Bruno said, "The earth revolves around the sun" he got execution for punishment(i.e., bringing out the hidden fear of knowledge in The Church). This punishment was not just showcase of execution; it was fear for them who dare to challenge Catholics.
When Giordano Bruno said, "The earth revolves around the sun"
he got execution for punishment
m. Does prison just keep prisoners at jail? No, it has more duties and responsibilities. It is for creating fear [not in excess] to all who are against the law. When every citizen is afraid of punishment, prison, law, then people enjoys happy, peace and success.
n. In many communities people not openly express sex, method of sex, enjoy of sex, effect of sex because of cultural, religious, traditional, legal fear. If fear is open, everybody enjoys talking and doing.
o. In the structuralism god, myth, will, desire, pleasure were decider for society, nation structure and reform etc. Myth, God, will. pleasure and desire were replaced by power theory of Foucault in post-structure. Silence fear has active role in decision making and truth making process. Many structures were made in keeping silence fear. Silence fear may require power or not, depends on situation. He said structure of society, nation is decided by power but I said from the lens of fearism, it is not decided by power it is decided by fear.
Some witness of fears first or power;
The god realm is the biggest realm in human life. The god is delivered by fear not by power. It proves that most of structure is decided by fear.
Do you know appearance of disease is like a light? When click a light switch on, light disperses everywhere in the room likewise when disease spread out in society, it disperses in insulin, medicine, doctors, treatment centers etc.
External looks like power circle, internal circle is fear circle. Fear circle is heart circle. Power is based on fear, but fear is based on fear.
This is a fear circle of family. Mother and child fear with father, child fear with father and mother. In this circle father's power is preserved in his traditional, physical, patriarchy, income and culture. When he became old and retired, no income, nobody fears with him. Child grows up, becomes strong and earns then, father starts fear with son. Same case is repeating again. Power is parasite and dependent upon fear. Fear depends on fear not in power.
Every action of the human being is conducted by fear and existence of fear precedes essences. Fear of killing, murder, violence insists to law, court, and prison is fear and binary powers. So I put them as binary powers. Government/power of government, court/ power of court, police/power of police is simple examples of binary power. But it is not extended like fear. We cannot say power of sick, power of unconscious etc. because sick man and unconscious has no power.
Most cases binary power and binary fear goes side by side. Power of government means fearing power. Government's binary is power of government. Under it there is binary fear. Practically we never use power of unconscious but we use fear of unconscious.
Binary fear, I mean every position has fear even transgender e.g. transgender/fear of transgender, computer/fear of computer, life/fear of life, Happy/fear of happy but we cannot find binary power everywhere. Sick has binary that is fear of sick. During the time of sickness, to make binary power that is power of sick is unreasonable because we never use power of sick and it never happens.
Lower caste, race, transgender, poor people, workers, colonized countries why they didn't exercise power because they were the place of using the power.North Korea experiments new long range missile in the sea. Powerless people were same as sea. Power theory is one side of coin, other side is avoided.
The fearologists are the thinkers of other side which is dominated by power. Monarchy, bourgeois, high class and the priest exercised power over powerless. Power cannot use to powerful, power doesn't measure in power, it is measure machine is fear. If people more fear, it means more powerful. Super power dominates power and power dominates powerless. If over throw them from power of monarchy, high post and make them powerless, then what happens? If they have no power/post, first they experience fear. Power is like jokes of commander Nadir and Hitler. It is a joke that Nadir was brave army commander in the history but he never let friends to put hands on his shoulder because he feared his friends may kill him. Hitler was brave too but he hid in the bunker because he feared to die. Under the braveness (bravado power) fear is hidden fact.
Foucault argues power can be additional, subtract and make zero-sum. Zero-sum is utopia of power theory. How can exercise in the person or institution which is in bankrupt? Lower caste, colonized, sick person how can, they exercise power? Power theory is not on behalf of marginal and dominated people. Fear is the one either powerful or powerless it can add, subtract and divide. For example a person is sinking on the debt. How can power exercise because he is powerless and fear-based person? He has a fear of 10000 dollars. How can calculation by power? It can calculate by fear. 10000 can divide to make piece fear (installment), can be subtract to minimize, and face with creditor.
Generally social welfare can be promoted by the best management of fear.
According to Foucault life is power-centered. How? One man was standing bare, naked 2.5 millions year ago. He was in center of grass land, bust, wind, rain, animals and reptiles. He had a fear of much kinds-killing, starvation, sick, nature etc. This fear motivated him to tend to use stone, hut, stick, hide and pray. Fear provokes to develop more advance apparatus. As a result; ancestors developed technologies and reach in our age. So, life is not power- centered it is fear-centered. Fear is the best mechanism to normalized life. When fears minimize and reach to fearless condition that is normalization. We can say fear-based normalized society is the historical outcome. Apparatus are the technology tools of fear-centered life.
Foucault's power types are many kinds. Function of all power has almost same meaning that is work around fear-centre. This center must be magnet for all surroundings.
Micro level hard to convince it lays like unconscious. How can we prove quantum of unconscious it is almost same. Macro level can be somewhere like weather reports, traffic signal etc. Highly educated person has more knowledge than uneducated. In the sense of employment being educated is power but in the sense of atom bomb; it is opposite because educated has more knowledge of atom bomb. In most cases knowledge doesn't make powerful, it makes more fearful. This conclusion is not the typical one in philosophies and commonsense because they conclude “knowledge” is the vaccine against fear.
Fearism uses fearist lens. Foucault looks at humanity with a power(ist) lens, like so many others. We must ask critical ontological questioner: the existence of power precedes fear, or existence of fear precedes power? We are in a philosophical fearcourse (analogous to discourse); we always look at front and back reasons. Source of power was fear struggle, when our ancestors were in nomadic condition; they had many fears-external and internal. Even today humanity has big fear struggle. Fear struggle is a new machine which builds, grinds handsome society and individual. Origination of fear goes back to first step of civilization, earlier than stone tool. Stone tool was first power invented by man over animals before birth of enemy. Later it was used to kill enemies. Basic need of power was fear of starvation, animals and enemies. Feudal system, industrial revolution, capitalism and communism are developed form of stone tools. One point is common in all ages and that is fear of hunger (the threat leading to dis-ease and death). Fear has diverse incarnations in different times. According to its needs it appears like incarnation of the Lord Vishnu. Sometimes it appears multi-hands octopus, sometimes multi-heads Narsinha (half man and half lion) and Vishvarupa (Universal form of Vishnu).
Under the fear it has many faculties. Fear births power and power birth fears. Fear is a mother of power and power births baby fears. Is it not only the case Sovereign power1757 tortures and execution of Robert-Francois Damiens who attempted to kill Louis XV? Is it not the case of disciplinary power of 1837 house of young prisoners in Paris ? Killing is the surface of fear; in womb it hides fear universe. Killings are paradigm of fears. In the Bible the Lord gives punishment to sinners and other people afraid to do sin. This is its own particular form of a systematic (fearology) psychology part.
Power of united workers in Marxism was to overthrow the bourgeois, power of Foucault was exercise throughout society, university, hospital, prison and school sectors. Field of fear is not limited, it is unlimited, in this sense. In fearism, fear is using fear in all living things.
I use this term 'death of fear' synonymous with terms of fearless.
Power theory cannot make fearless. It provokes more fear.
Good example of power is gun. Gun represents all powers (political, intellectual, money, discipline, rules etc.). First why do we keep gun? We keep gun because we fear somebody. Gun is our power. A targets to B. Gun is visible power, invisible power is fear. It has one visible target and multiple invisible targets. B must follow/order/discipline/law what A wants. If he not obeys, he will punish B. A has gun, he is powerful and B is fearful. If gun goes to B, B is powerful and A is fearful. If both are powerless, they are equal normalize. When balance of power goes to one side other side goes powerless (fear). Racial, communal, gender, religious, political, capital, colonialare using power and dominating (fear) other since thousands years. Power is like rolling stone which down from top to bottom. On the way it is suppressing, torturing, and killing powerless people.
I use this term 'death of fear' synonymous with terms of fearless. Power theory cannot make fearless. It provokes more fear.
Death of fear, we must ask, is it possible? Can death of fear be possible by power theory? No, it is impossible. Motive of power theory is to produce more fear and rule over innocent people and nations. It is against humanity. It can bring the curse of violence to humanity. Silent of fear has existed in society for million years. It is the mechanism to structure society and nation. Theory must be harmony and peace. Harmony and peace theory produces peace and happiness. At least, utopia of theory must follow towards peace and happy.
(Narsingha Killing Hirnyakasyapu)
Theory of Derrida's under erasure can be applied in Fear Studies. Under the world war, war is erased, but it is fear that continues as remnant on the mind of people. We can add upper erase, it is before war. Before war there is war cloud. War cloud gives upper erase fear. Upper erase, erase and under erase, before war, being war and after war gives war fear. Under war erase fear goes long, but it depends how fearful war was. In these stages, where is the place of power?
Sounds like alarm, siren and red color, warning, notice, threatening have silent fear. Sometime silent fear can appear in dangerous dog, high voltage, very steep edge, danger; some pictures of danger have silent fears too. We can see injurious to health, low fat, no sugar. Safety notice, items, accident, loss, fail, bad weather, heavy snow/rain also keeps silent fear. We have many safety precautions. Presence of silent fear is very silent. There are no such items to show silent of power.
Fear can be applied to subjects and objects but power cannot. We fear with Ebola. We are subjects here. We fear with Ebola. Ebola is object here. Again we fear with Ebola. How can power be applied here? We power with Ebola. wrong. Again we power with Ebola, wrong. Power cannot apply to subject and object. In Power as a subject sometimes use to threaten object.
(Octopus's main work is to protect master. )
Why do thinkers forget, Glaucon the older brother of Plato and founder of social contract? Glaucon discussed with Socrates regarding justice. He argued, "Every member of society has to follow principles and rules of society because it serves to maintain law and order in society. It keeps peace, security, happiness in society. Who doesn’t follow, he will be punished." Meantime he gave concept of Gyges Ring who has ring he doesn't fear of being caught. It was invisible ring. It is myth for ubiquitous hidden fear—invisible 99% quantum in the Fear System.
This article is edited by Dr. R. Michael Fisher
https://www.biblestudytools.com/topical-verses/bible-verses-about-knowledge/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tOf5XuURno&t=39s
https://michel-foucault.com/key-concepts/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X31ayDsG67U&t=6s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tOf5XuURno
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhfMMx0i1wM
"As Marxism gives economy and Freudian psychology gives sexuality a special significance as the cause of all the human activities, in the same way fearism says that fear is behind conducting, directing and controlling all human activities."
Whether we openly admit it or hesitate to do so, it is undoubtedly true that our personal and social life have close relation with fear. In our personal life, we suffer from some or others of countless fears such as fear of darkness, fear of ghost, fear of listening to abusive or reproaching words, fear of being betrayed in love, even fear of cockroaches or lizards as we see happening often in case of film heroines, let alone the fear of death. Like countless known and unknown personal fears, we have a large number of social fears too. For example, as it happens with the Assamese people, the fear of their language getting endangered, the fear of losing their national identity etc. are among many fears which we have often been discussing in their political and social significance. A popular line spoken by former President of America Franklin Delano Roosevelt can be recalled in this context, “We have nothing to fear other than fear”.
Since long time before, so many psychoanalytical studies have been done on fear. In the year 1926 while presenting “the Theory of Anxiety”, Sigmund Freud made a deliberation on fear too along with anxiety, and these were the early discussions done on fear from the psychoanalytical points of view. Psychologists John B. Watson, Paul Ekman and Robert Plutchik etc. identified some natural emotions in human being and said that fear is one of them. While interpreting fear, an author named Strechnert said that fear is a gradually increasing possibility of danger and a reasonable or unreasonable emotional reaction to some animate or inanimate thing or event related to unhappiness, excitement, and hiding, escaping, and seeking protection. It may be mentioned that, besides psychoanalytical points of view, fears have been studies in behavioural points of view too.
Psychologists John B. Watson, Paul Ekman and Robert Plutchik etc. identified some natural emotions in human being and said that fear is one of them.
On the basis of this overwhelming influence of fear on human life, a literary and philosophical theory has recently been given birth to, which is named as ‘Fearism’. It is worth mentioning that though the words ‘terror’ and ‘fear’ belong to the same cognate, what we understand by ‘terrorism’ has no relation with the concept of ‘fearism’. In the concept of fearism, fear is the driving force of all the things in human life, whether personal or social. As Marxism gives economy and Freudian psychology gives sexuality a special significance as the cause of all the human activities, in the same way fearism says that fear is behind conducting, directing and controlling all human activities
The person who propounded this theory of Fearism is Desh Subba, a philosopher, novelist and poet born in Nepal. Born in Dharan in the eastern part of Nepal on 6th December 1965, his birth name is Desh Bahadur Limbu. An inhabitant of Hong Kong with his family at present, he not only propounded the concept of fearism, but also initiated the efforts to build fearism as literary movement in the year 1999, and to reach his goal, he resorted to fiction writing. He wrote four novels in Nepali -- 'DOSHI KARM', 'APMAN,' 'SAHID', and
'ADIVASHI'. Among them ' ADIVASHI' has been translated into English under the title 'The Tribesmanís Journey to FEARLESS'. In this novel, Desh Subba performed vrious experiments of fearism. Apart from these, he also composed some poems to serve his purpose.
Not satisfied with these along, Subba subsequently made his efforts to give fearism a theoretical structure, and in this process, he wrote his much talked about philosophical book 'Philosophy of Fearism: Life is conducted, Directed and Controlled by the Fear’, which was first published in the year 2014. In this book he elaborately discussed the impact of fear in the personal and social life of human beings. He further expanded his theory of fearism by writing jointly with Dr. R. Michael Fisher the book named 'Philosopy of Fearism -- a First East-West Dialogue' in the year 2016.
Fearism of Subba says that, there are both positive and negative aspects of the overwhelming effects of fear in human life. Subba wanted to show the positive aspect of the fear with this idea that fear encourages people to attain development in scientific and cultural aspects. In this respect, he has cited an example. Why does a scientist become encouraged to invent a vaccine for a deadly disease? Because he gets frightened by the results of the deadliness of the dangerous disease. But it doesn't also mean that fear has the positive sides only. Subba cites an example to show the negative side of fear clearly. If a student fears examination, he will naturally put his back to study. For the extreme fear that a student suffers from in respect of examination, there is possibility that they will suffer from drug addiction.
Subba fearism has discussed in detail what fear is, how it gets reflected in human life, and how the presence of fear in life can be lessened. Describing the importance of fearism, Subba said, “Disappearance of Malaysian aircraft, Civil war of Iraq and Afghanistan, spread of new virus, economic crisis etc. are the occurrences that are happening daily in the present world. These things inflict fear on people. They want to be free from this fear. For them fearism works as medicine.”
In the year 2009, Subba established Fearism Study Centre it Dharan in Nepal and took various steps to popularise fearism. Although Desh Subba's literary significance is not beyond question, still fearism has presently acquired popularity at Nepal and India. Even in United States of America and some of the European countries fearism could find some followers. At present fearism is an acknowledged literary and philosophical trend, and the awards and honors received by Subba have established this fact. That is why, Prof. Dr. Tanka Prasad Neupane, Chairperson of Fearism Study Centre says, “Fearism is a gift to the world from a Nepali....
Naju Hatikakoty Baruah
Jean Paul Sartre, "Existence precedes essence."
Desh Subba, "Existence of fear precedes essence."
-Desh Subba
The ontological relationship of essence to existence is one of the controversial big topics in philosophical history. What is their right relationship? Is it merely a joke? Or is it a serious challenge in the human quest for truth?
In my experience, readers mostly don't want to enter into very serious thought of the inner core part of philosophy’s debates, and with essence and existence this is also the case. They usually either comment from a surface reaction or a mocking smile. It is a characteristic of mass general readers to not engage deeper into such queries because they read for the sake of reading itself. After reading, they do nothing. They are free in their choice, duty and responsibility, no pressure to go further because they are independent reader. Few readers have the deeper interest. They might think once about these two sayings above. I hope they will think beyond a mere blind belief of classical existentialism (e.g., Sartre). Erecting beliefs upon the Eifel Tower of Old Existentialism, cannot penetrate unveiling new logic, no, not even hammering with a new logical hammer will be enough. So to see through original existentialism’s beliefs we need to throw provocative light upon the old shadows of Existentialism and philosophy itself.
I think an example of a challenging question for them is the case of the Mad Man.
In original existentialism belief (e.g., Jean Paul Sartre) says existence precedes essence. It is a breath of Existentialist or Existentialism via their Land Mark? If existentialists are surviving in the philosophical world; Reason is their trusty Land Mark. But I think an example of a challenging question for them is the case of the Mad Man.
Why a Mad Man doesn't precede essence? He is an existence and he has consciousness. Existence of insane is like essence vice versa. In practical terms, Existence doesn't directly precede essence. If we accept it then, why existence of Mad Man doesn't precede essence?
My conclusion is: Only existence of fear precedes essence. Exploring for food, shelter and practicing a worship of nature was not because of existence, it was because of existence of fear. Existence itself is virtually a senseless entity or state of being. It cannot activate towards essence without motivational drive(s); activation towards essence is made due to fear. Even Mad Man has some sense though he/she cannot precede any essence. We can take another example of an infant. Existence of Infant doesn’t precede essence because their consciousness, sense and knowledge are not ready to explorer essence. Until they don't know themselves whether they are stone or man, how one can precede to essence. Condition of the infant and insane is more or less the same. In their condition existence precedes essence or essence precedes existence; it doesn't make a difference to them.
Later Kant mixed up empiricist and rationalist and developed critical philosophy.
First existence is like nominal sense. Nominal means in the sense equal to infant and insane. Nominal sense processes towards more consciousness. Sense, step by step separates into consciousness and knowledge. Many philosophers have worked out how knowledge comes after consciousness(?). Later Kant mixed up empiricist and rationalist and developed critical philosophy. I have given a map of understanding life-consciousness-knowledge-fear as developmental. This knowledge is acquired from sense organs, incident, environment, necessity and conditional reflex in the stage of unconsciousness, semi-consciousness and consciousness accordingly. When it comes to age of knowledge, first stage is fear of existence. Fear of existence changes into existence of fear. Existence of fear precedes essence. Existence of fear means knowledge of fear. Knowledge of fear precedes essence. Thus existence of fear precedes essence not only existence precedes to essence.
Article is edited by R. Michael Fisher
The fear of eco-turbulence is the greatest one.
This eco-fear must be made positive fear to prevent the possible disaster.
Abstract
Fear in eco-turbulence captures the real picture of the present global warming's, chemical issues, industrial smokes, pollution in different fields and the fear of the environment and the exports who want to avoid such possible disasters for the living creatures. It has attempted to present the facts as it is to give the true knowledge to those people who have no knowledge in this regard. It shows that lots of experts have already warned the people to be conscious in it and to address the issues on time for the sake humanity. It does not blame anyone but awakens the people of all levels to come in the action of preserving and balancing the ecology and environment in no time.
Introduction
Fear is closely linked with ecology. If ecology is protected, every thing is protected. If the ecological position goes beyond the human control, then everything gets collapsed. The fear of eco-turbulence is the greatest one. This eco-fear must be made positive fear to prevent the possible disaster. It must not be treated with negative form of fear because it can become much more harmful to control the eco-turbulence both physically and psychologically if it is viewed from the negative lens of fear. So, eco- fear must be handled properly.
Fear in Different Fields
Fear has got multiple dimensions. Fear has touched the heart of each and every individual from laymen to scholars, farmers to physicians, laborers to administrators, official clerks to officers, politicians to prime minister and presidents, lawyers to judges, journalists to media-station investors, workers to industrialists, students to professors, and learners to scientists and so on. But the fear is categorized field to field and profession to profession. Each individual has the personal fear and fear is within the level of each individuals. It is beyond the instrumental capacity of measuring the fear of the individuals. Modern science and technology has invented a lot of wonderful things in the world but even science has failed to discover the instrument of measuring the real quantity of fear of anyone. So, fear is a mysterious one.
Fear in eco-system is concerned with the ecologists and environmental scientists. Professor, Shreedhar Lohani , has composed a poem, "Gaia" of eco-criticism. The poet advocates about the preservation of the mother earth to protect the humanity. The professor Lohani is worried about the present global issues of ecological degradation. Professor Lohani writes:
This extracted part of poem is the best example of eco-criticism and the real picture of the present world. No rain is a normal rain. It is unusual called "the devouring rain". The forest is not in natural form. It is "withered palms" and the blowing of the wind is unnatural called "The searing wind". The condition of mountain is not in a normal form. "The crooked beak of a mountain peak" displays the disfiguring condition of the beauty of mountains. Ecological decay has caused the trouble, turbulence and hunger all around the globe. The exploitation on earth is too much but yet the mother earth endures it. The condition of earth is worsening day by day. And it is too late to conserve the beauty of nature if the humanity is to be saved in the usual form. It is the time of ecologists and environmental scientists who need to make other levels of people alert, conscious and aware on time about the possible ecological disaster. To preserve the beauty of ecology on time is batter than to lament later.
Fear of Global Warming
Overpopulation has become the main cause of ecological defect.
The ecology has generated the world fear to the conscious people. - Desh Subba
Today's world is not as it was yesterday. The environment is changing on and on. The news of the unusual rain and tornados has brought the plights of the modern humane humans. The normal rain becomes the flood and the normal wind takes the form of tempest and such natural disasters become the main cause of death and devastation. The human peace and harmony and happiness and sleep has become beyond the thought of humanity. Michael Fisher has written "Eco-philosophy of Fearism and Eco-criticism: In an Age of Terror" in which he explains about the burning issues of eco-problem. He writes:
It is time for Eco-philosophy of Fearism. Sooner or later we must do it. We have a fear of global warming, pollution, increase of mass destruction weapons. There are source of many philosophy of fearism. Everyone needs to do specialization. We are waiting how new scholars grab it. (3)
The global warming is the issue of fearism. It is essential to handle the fear of pollution. The coming scholars need to understand it and they need to do specialization of their study in the fear eco-system. If fearism does not address the modern problems of industrial areas chemical clouding in a positive form, it would be the disastrous to all the human existence. A lot of toxic chemicals are found in Chinese industrial area. China suffers both from the local and international pollution. It is said in YouTube that 17% of air in china is not having the air quality because of the industrial production of the goods. People do not go out without wearing masks. China is one example of chemical pollution and other countries are not the exception of such condition.
YouTube states that China could not improve and control the pollution. China focuses only on economic growth and the government does not seem to care the pollution. China burns large number of coal which produces much more pollution. But the government has given even incentive for electric cars to protect the pollution. China is struggling with the new technology to fight against the pollution. Fear of Chinese pollution is one of the examples of eco-turbulence. The global temperature is changing rapidly and worsening day to day. Hence, the world's political leaders and the heads of the states need to come together and consult the exports how to curb the worsening condition of ecological and environmental position. Such type of fear should be in the minds of the heads of the government and they should not have the fear of only winning the next election. They have to have the broader type of the fear for the positive transformation of the negative condition of global warming.
To sum up, the global warming means the increase in temperature and to cause the number of unexpected things on the earth. Desh Subba gives the mirror like picture of the global warming in the following extract:
There is increase in temperature due to the over use of fuel, electricity, growth of population and destruction of forests. The use of fuel produces carbon dioxide. Snow melt and the sea level rises due to this global warming. The land near the sea sinks into water . . . . It brings about climate change- it is burning issue in the world. This global warming has severely affected all living things, particularly plantation, animal and birds. The world will not be a good and favorable place for all living creatures if wilderness, famine, desertification, and warmth continue. (298-99)
The global warning is such a fearful situation in which nothing can be imagined and even thought of. The extreme form of global warming is beyond the possibility of life on the earth. And why the heads of the government do not fear about it on time and initiate the rational action to prevent the future melancholy and misfortune of humanity.
The Human Condition
"We believe fear itself has multiple and infinite meanings and roles and
serves as a type of 'mirror' to self-awareness and consciousness itself " Michael Fisher
Comfortable life of human beings depends on the fear of preserving the eco-system in the world. The more conscious fear, the better human condition it becomes. Fear is everywhere and no place is left untouched with fear. "Everything that is available creates fear or has a factor of fear (Subba 19)". Subba has said that fear factor is found in everything but now the fear of the world is to be for the protection of ecology and environment to protect the human condition from disaster.
Jared Diamond has expressed the fear of losing the human civilization in his essay "Adaptive failure: Easter's End". He talks about the vanished Polynesian society. "Among all such vanished civilizations that of the former Polynesian society on Easter Island remain unsurpassed in mystery and isolation (Diamond 247)". The Polynesian society did not know how to save the ecology and environment. This society did not have the fear of saving the civilization and vanished the whole society. The Polynesian Islanders did not have the knowledge of saving the forest. The ignorance of the islanders is narrated:
Gradually trees became fewer, smaller and less important. By the time the last fruit bearing adult palm tree was cut, palms had long since ceased to be economic significance. That left only smaller and smaller palm saplings to clear each year, along with other bushes and tree lets. No one would have noticed the felling of the last small palms. (Diamond 258)
This quote indicates the ignorance of fear in the process of preserving the palm trees and it became the main cause of losing life and civilization. So, the fear in Diamond is the possible similar fate of present world. He further draws the ideas "If we continue to follow our present course, we shall have exhausted the world's major fisheries, fossil fuels and much of our so (258-59)". It is the fear of losing everything from the world and ultimately the humanity and its whole civilization. Diamond has given the fearful picture of the Islanders and he has asked to do the conservation of ecological beauty. Diamond writes:
The Easter Islanders had no books and no histories of other doomed societies. Unlike the Easter Islanders, we have histories of the past information that can save us. My main hope for my sons' generation is that we my now choose to learn from the fates of societies like Easter's. (259)
Diamond has compared and contrasted the Easter Islanders and the present world. We have got more information and historical books and knowledge to save the ecology and to save ourselves. We need to learn from the fates of societies like Easter's and need to fear to have the similar fate. If we do not fear, our fate may not become different from that of the Easter Islanders but it is only the matter of sooner or later. Therefore our fate is in our own hands and the rational activities.
The modern world is in the most critical situation. Ozone layer depletion is not properly handled to preserve it on time. More than 99% of the sun's ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by the ozone layer but it is depleting faster and faster ever than before. Anuradha Chaudhary in her essay "How Sane Are We?" writes:
A depletion of stratospheric ozone might allow more ultraviolet radiation to reach the ground and disrupt natural ecosystems, lower agricultural productivity, suppress the human immune system, and raise the incidence of skin cancer and eye cataracts (American Chemical Society 231). (262)
Chaudary's quote shows that the depletion of ozone layer is one of the main causes for the disruption of natural ecosystems and lower agricultural production as well as number of fatal diseases like skin cancer and eye cataracts. Now it is the time of becoming quite serious and to come into the action of avoiding it. If we don't fear about such possibility on time, the environment crisis may occur soon.
We are all responsible for the destruction of ecology and environment. But our collective actions are reckless and self-destructive. We seem we are fearless about it and we are digging our own or our descendants' graves. We need to think to change the ways of doing politics and even thinking process to save the living beings in the world. Chaudhary argues:
We must therefore need Capek's final admonition: if we fail to take decisive action, if we fail to bring about fundamental changes in our ways of thinking and doing politics, we just might sink and drown. (265)
This extract reveals that we all have to be quite responsible to conserve the nature. If we don't bring the fundamental changes in the ways of thinking and doing politics, the whole humanity might sink and drown. The course of doing politics for the sake of gaining power and chair must be changed. It must be done for the solution of burning issues of global warming and degrading human condition. But it has become too late and we must have the fear in it. In this respect, Anuradha Chaudhary quotes the fearful idea of Rudyard Kipling:
Now we can only wait till the day, wait and apportion our shame. These are the dykers our father left, but we would not look to the same. Time and again were we warned of the dykers, time and again we delayed. Now it may fall, we have slain our sons, as our fathers we have betrayed. (260)
This quote of Rudyard Kipling shows that we are in a helplessness of conserving the ecological condition. If we do not fear our future doom, we are the murderers of our future progeny. We lack the deeper understanding of ecological issues. We all people from the common laymen to the presidents must have the conscious and energetic positive fear to control the deteriorating ecological condition of the world. If we take such strong determination from now on, we can do somehow the positive management of the environmental position. Otherwise, we all are just waiting the doom days.
The main cause of fear of ecological degrading condition is overpopulation and deforestation. More people need more houses, fuels, cultivable lands and more woods and people cut down the trees. Overpopulation and deforestation are interrelated problems. "Population size and rates of growth are key elements in environmental change ( Nissani 33)". If population is controlled, the deforestation can automatically be controlled.
The ecological condition is not a new problem but it is rapid in its crisis. The deforestation causes the main as well as greater problem. The deforestation is also not a new one but the difference is that it is faster than ever before. Moti Nissani writes:
The deforestation crisis is not new. Many earlier civilizations, including those of the Middle East, New York, Mexico, and Easter Island, precipitated their own decline through overpopulation and deforestation. The difference is that we are destroying our forests faster and on a larger scale, than ever before. . . . Earlier in this century, forests covered around 40% of the earth's total land area. By this century's end, that figure will stand at about 25%. (34-35)
The deforestation process being faster and in rapid form than ever before is much more frightening. The world's 40% forest turning into 25% is another sign of fear. The worldwide eco-turbulence must come in the conscious mind of people and must be addressed with a positive type of fear. The blunder goes not to those ignorant people but to those who are familiar in the facts of such condition in the world.
Quantity of Fear
It is too complicated task to know the quantity of fear because the method of measuring the quality of fear has not been discovered. Desh Subba has argued about the problem of measuring fear. Subba writes:
Thus, external and internal factors always strike fear from all sides. Similarly, lots of temperaments, merits, and demerits keep moving inside the consciousness. There should be a balance in all. It is easier to balance them if they can be measured. We have not been able to treat fear easily due to lack of its measurement. We are obliged to deal with and treat fear by means of its experience and realization, for there has not been any method of solid measurement so far. (153)
Fear is concerned with consciousness and the knowledge. But how much fear people have with ecological condition cannot be measured and can not be understood. The external fear can be studied with the physical appearance of a person but it becomes too difficult to know the internal fear of person. So, fear is only realized and experienced. Until and unless minimum quantity of fear is applied in the decaying condition of ecology and the environment, the effort of conserving and balancing the ecological harmony remains only in words but not in action. It is the lack of understanding and lack of having the true knowledge of it to the people. The ecologists and the environmentalists only have the better knowledge and fear of worldwide worsening position of the ecology. The heads of the government and the policy makers need to have the knowledge about it to manage the fear of ecology and to save the world from the unimaginable echo-terror and it their responsibility and duty too.
Differences of Fear
Differences of fear vary person to person and the creatures to creatures. Those people, who are more conscious, become more alert and have the greater fear. People must fear more than the animals since they are more conscious and dutiful as well as responsible to save the ecology and environment. "People must struggle more than birds and animals due to their levels of consciousness, necessity and problem (Subba 282)". The humans are to be in the fear of preserving the ecological balance in the global village. Fear is necessary. "Food and shelter maintains the existence of animals. Only these two things cannot maintain the existence of human beings (Subba 282)". The human beings must have the greater fear than the fear of other animals. If people become more conscious with positive fear, the ecological condition of the world can be altered. Those people who have meaningful fear to protect the humanity must have the responsible fear to lead the whole world in a suitable place to live.
Fear in Population Growth
Animals and other creatures do not have the fear of their population growth since they are not conscious like human beings. So, it is entirely human beings who fear with the growth rate of population and its negative impact with ecology and the environment. The human fear differs from other animals and the creatures. So, the humans try to be safe from any danger. Desh Subba writes:
All living creatures share this world. All these creatures have equal participation in ecology ad balance. A fluctuation in balance and ecology, no matter whether small or big, has a deep impact in our lives. Man is one of the most sensible and powerful creatures. He is able to keep himself safe from any danger and continues his generation. (279)
Subba has claimed that man is the most sensible and powerful creatures and responsible to save the ecology and environment. All living creatures share this planet and to balance the ecology is a must. To balance the ecology, middle level of fear is required.
"We need a better fear education"- Michael Fisher
Overpopulation has become the main cause of ecological defect. The ecology has generated the world fear to the conscious people. Subba narrates:
Forest, plantation, and animals are the sources that provide all the necessary things to man. A land that was consumed by ten people twenty five years ago is consumed by twenty people after twenty years . . . . The growth of all these things yields bad impacts due to overpopulation. Thus, increase in population has a direct impact on ecology. Many animals, birds, and plants are becoming extinct due to lack of enough shelter, meadows, and preservation. That's why there is fear of depletion of the whole ecology. (297)
This extract shows that overpopulation has become the cause of deforestation, and the extinction of shelter and even the sources of food. The fear of depletion of whole ecology in the world is turning to be true.
The crisis of food and shelter including habitats comes not only to the animals but also to the human beings if we don't become more conscious to preserve the ecological balance. In this respect, Desh Subba has presented the facts:
Living creatures particularly animals and birds have crisis of habitats and foods due to overgrowth in population. Deserts and barren lands now have to be used for settlements. People, no doubt, want to live in a place full of facilities. They manage their food, shelter, and clothes but all these can cause deforestation. As a result, many wild animals and birds have already disappeared from this planet, and many others are said to have been disappearing within a century. It is indeed a dangerous indication for the future generation. (297 -98)
The extract indicates that the future generation does not have future because of overuse of forests and destruction of ecology. The humans need to be more and more alert to manage fearlessness by saving the forests and ecological balance. If the humans continue for the activities of deforestation in the same proportion as it is going on, the world would be without of any tress. It is explained:
People are overusing forests and plantation for their livelihood. They have cleared the forest for agricultural products and settlements. If we do not control or minimize overpopulation, we will have no other solution except clear the forests, which will certainly bring about the imbalance in ecology and environment. If human activities for deforestation continue one day the world is sure to be priceless (Subba 298)
Subbas's idea indicates that to be treeless means to be in the fear of life and the existence. To be imbalance in ecology and environment means to invite disaster. Some of the effects have already been realized with the climate change like drought, acid rain, heavy rain, partial rain and ozone layer depletion. The indication of horror is at hand. It causes various kinds of diseases. "Environmental pollution is a source of various diseases (Subba 298)". New kinds of skin diseases occur as a result of imbalanced environment. So, the fear of protection of environment is to be in the minds of all.
The fear of ecological and environmental imbalance can be minimized by managing the ecological problem. "Every act of the human beings is conducted by the fear (Subba 84)". If we fear and act in a rational way to balance the eco-fear, it becomes easier but everyone must have this sense of fear of balancing ecological imbalance. The life of humans cannot become easy without being free from the fear of imbalance of environment on earth. "Life cannot be easy unless the life becomes free from fear (Subba 72)". To become free from the unnecessary fear in life, we must act consciously to manage the degrading condition of ecology and environment.
Fear has multiple meanings and fear comes out of consciousness and awareness. The eco-fear comes only in those minds of the people who are conscious of the present condition of the world ecological and environmental situation. "We believe fear itself has multiple and infinite meanings and roles and serves as a type of 'mirror' to self-awareness and consciousness itself (Fisher et al 2)". It indicates that the fear in balancing of ecology and environment is to be enhanced in a necessary proportion. The self-consciousness and awareness in the field of degrading condition of ecology is a must.
"Fears always appear in those gray areas of our lives that
we feel inadequate or incompetent about ." -Osinakachi Akuma Kalu
The world, with the degrading condition of ecology and environment remains with fear and despair. ". . . all that is left is fear and despair (Kalu 41)". Until and unless the ecological and environment is not addressed on time, the eco-conscious people would be living with fear and despair in the world. We are almost unable to manage the eco-problems in the world. So, fear comes as we are not able to handle the burning issues in life. "Fears always appear in those gray areas of our lives that we feel inadequate or incompetent about (Kalu 59)". We fear with the incompetent of managing the ecological problem and the positive fear is appreciable but the negative fear is harmful to solve the problem. One of the obstacles for human happiness is fear. The fear of eco-turbulence has taken all our happiness away from us. To gain happiness we need to manage and balance the worldwide eco-turbulence and to create a fearlessness situation in the world.
Fear management has become one of the subjects of study in the present context. To create fearless situation is possible with the help of fear education. Michael Fisher writes "We need a better fear education (116)". We people have fear education; they become conscious about the eco-turbulence and actively participate to minimize the destruction and pollution of environment. ". . . it is a way to the normalization of fear itself in our societies (Fisher 60)". The act of normalization of fear in eco-turbulence is the act of balancing the environment and to know or to have the knowledge that there is not much risk of ecological bad effects in human life.
Future of Eco-fear
We are all worried about our future and for our generation. We live for tomorrow. We want our future life better. We are the dreamers and our dreams with positive fear come to be true. The writer of philosophy of fear Eneyo argues:
We all want our tomorrow to be better than our today, because of this; we try our possible best to do those things that will guarantee the actualization of our dreams . . . uncertainty regarding our future creates fear of failure and success. (44)
"Fear is a moderator of our thoughts, actions and inactions." -Michael Bessey Eneyo
To be worried about the future ecological condition is natural as well as meaningful. To fear about the future ecological balancing is positive fear and such type of fear helps us to be active as well as more and more conscious. "Future fear is not without its advantages (Eneyo 45)". When we have the fear of better tomorrow and with its advantages, we need to work hard to make it successful. "Fear is a moderator of our thoughts, actions and inactions (Eneyo 45)". Eco-fear is to be taken as a fear of motivator of our actions to balance the ecology and environment. ". . . fear moderates our thoughts into an informed idea that enables us know what to do when occasion warrants (Eneyo 46)". When we fear about the better tomorrow, we know the right and wrong and we can better handle the problem of balancing the ecology and the environment.
Positive fear helps to bring various types of the problems in life. B. Maria Kumar and B.S Susmita have produced positive driving force in "The Youth Don't Cry" in which they discuss about the positive fear. Kumar and Susmita write:
. . . handling of fear in a positive sense depends upon a multitude of factors such as frequency of positive social interactions, positive physical environment, levels of knowledge, education and wisdom, scientific temper, positive attitude, hope, etc. (167)
This quote indicates the positive fear of solving the problems of any kind. Levels of knowledge, education and wisdom can become the source of solving the future eco-fears. The youths need to develop the positive fear to balance the ecology and environment because youths are the future responsible and the dreamers more than the old people. Fear with reasoning to the youths can assist to guarantee the better tomorrow.
. . . handling of fear in a positive sense depends upon a multitude of factors such as frequency of positive social interactions, positive physical environment, levels of knowledge, education and wisdom, scientific temper, positive attitude, hope, etc.- B. Maria Kumar and B. S. Susmita
Conclusion
Fear in eco-turbulence has become the central issue all over the world. The chemical clouding has threatened the world. Nobody knows how much harmful effects we are facing in day to day life. We can feel only when we really experience the ecological and environmental effects in our real life. Until and unless we face the reality of its harmful results, we just fear.
The earth is in pain but "yet she endures". The implicit warning is that if human kind continues to exploit the earth recklessly, the earth may strike back. The ecological condition of the world indicates the darker picture of the future. But there is also hope for us because we can learn from the past mistakes. So, positive fear for better life for tomorrow plays the significant role to balance the ecology and environment. The positive fear in youths, intellectuals, ecologists and the environment experts can assist to become more and more conscious about the possible doom of the humanity. Hence, the positive fear is to be taken in positive sense to manage the fearless world for us and for our generation. But this type of positive fear should reach the hearts of all the heads of the government and administrators as well as from the laymen to the presidents to address this terrible issue. If it is not addressed. seriously and positively on time, the existence of any living creatures cannot be even imagined in future.
Author:
Bhawani shankar Adhikari is a Nepal born author. Bhawani Shankar Adhikari Born: 29 September 1968 Panchthar, Nepal. Teaches English language and literature in Balmeeki Campus, Kathmandu, Sanskrit University of Nepal Qualification: M.phil. (in English), Ph.D Scholars, student of LLB, B Ed, Father's Name: Khadga Prasad Adhikari Mother's Name: Chandrakala Adhikari His books: 1. Communism and Power Domination in George Orwell's 1984 and the Animal Farm 2. Sexuality And Sexual Perversion in The Waste Land of T.S. Eliot 3. Balmeeki: Prose Poems and Travelogue 4. More than 20 research articles Lives in Kathmandu, Nepal. Involved in NELTA and different private colleges.
Works Cited
Chaudary, Anuradha. "How Same We Are?" Flax- Golden Tales: An Inter-displinary Approach to Learning English. Ekta Books: Kathmandu, Nepal. 2008. Print.
China's War on Pollution. YouTube.
Diamond, Jared. "Adaptive Failure: Easter's End". Flax- Golden Tales: An Inter-displinary Approach to Learning English. Ekta Books: Kathmandu, Nepal. 2008. Print.
Eneyo, Michael Bassey. Philosophy of Fear: A Move to Overcoming Negative Fear. Xlibris. 2018. Print.
Fisher, R. Michael and Desh Subba. Philosophy of Fearism: A First East- West Dialogue. Xlibris. 2016. Print.
Fisher, R. Michael, B. Maria Kumar and Desh Subba. Fear, Law and Criminology. Critical issues in Applying The Philosophy of Fearism. Xlibris. 2018. Print.
Fisher, R. Michael. Eco-philosophy of Fearism and Eco-criticism: In an Age of Terror. Technical paper no. 68. 2017. Print.
Kalu, Osinakachi Akuma. The First Stage of the Fearologist. Owerri. The Penlords. 2017. Print.
Kumar, B. Maria and B.S Susmita. The Youth Don't Cry: A critical commentary on the Youth about their fears and hopes amidst adversities and opportunities. Indra Publishing House: Habibganj Police Station Road.2018. Print
Nissani, Moti and Shreedhar Lohani. Flex- Golden Tales: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Learning English. "Gaia". Ekta Books: Kathmandu, Nepal. 2008. Print.
Nissani, Moti. "Two Long-term Problems: Too Many People, Too Few Trees". The Heritage of Words. Ekta Books: Kathmandu, Nepal. 1998. Print.
Subba, Desh. Philosophy of Fearism: Life is Conducted, Directed and Controlled by the Fear. Xlibris. 2014. Print.
Subba, Desh. The Tribesman's Journey to Fearless. A Novel Based on Fearism. Xlibris. 2015. Print.
The Devastating Effects of pollution in China (part ½ ) 2014. YouTube.
Book Title: Philosophy of Unity:Love as an Ultimate Unifier
Author: Michael Bassey Eneyo
Published by: Xlibris, 2019
Reviewed by: Desh Subba
Osho as saying:
"Nations are just man made boundaries, races are stupid discriminations, and
religions are man-manufactured and they are all dividing man against man."
One of the tasks of philosophers is to collect information from different sources
and process them to bring out beautiful insights about the reality of life. We can as
well say that a philosopher is a collector, maker and a distributor of ideas that are
capable of bringing love, development and unity in human society. Pragmatically
speaking, unlike a manufacturer that specializes in a specific area of production as
s/he devotes time, energy and resources to ensure that such production comes out
as a good and appreciative product, a philosopher specializes in the quest for the
ultimate truth about everything in the world. His scope of enquiry is anything that
exists, as well as the inexistent. Philosopher investigates every tiny particle to
know how best such knowledge can help in the making of a better society. There’s
no part of beings; either human or non-human that has not enjoyed at least a dose
of the activities of philosophers. One can justifiably argue that philosophy is that
umbrella which gives coverage to all aspects of enquiry or study: both the
empirical and rational dimensions of knowledge are tinged with philosophy.
Michael Eneyo’s work is a reflection of this undeniable truth. Eneyo in this book
has successfully collected ideas from different sources right from the classical to
the present philosophic expositions and garnish it with many insightful
renovations. He resorted to the study of different fragmented entities such as:
atoms, ants, plants, animals, humans, etc, and then concluded that the apparent
fragmentation and individuation of things in the universe is just an illusion; that
everything is connected to everything else. He is of the opinion that unless
opposites are taken into consideration, enquiry is incomplete.
In one of his quotes he said: "don't desire to acquire so much wealth, but desire
that you live a happy life; true happiness is the greatest wealth."
Yes! Philosophers not only try to know what “is”, they also want to know what
was before creation and what would be after existence. It is always on expanding
scope that covers varieties of things. No wonder most scholars refer to philosophy
as "mother of all discipline"(P4).
It is therefore the character of philosopher to use any available tools in search for
absolute truth. Philosophers never stop at one destination; they look at both front
and back, up and down in search for answers to many barren questions of life. For
a philosopher to accept anything as appealing, desiring, virtuous, justice, etc, s/he
must have reason(s) to support such stance. This attitude of having reason for any
knowledge claim makes some people say that philosophy is the study of “why questions.
” They are always curious about why the thing is the way it is, and then
suggests how it ought to have been.
It is also true that philosophers always search for answers and these answers
always produce new knowledge. One can say that a philosopher is a planter of
knowledge; always curious to plant for others to harvest. Philosophy digs the depth
of knowledge, virtue, justice, nature, hell and heaven and every other thing that is
worth knowing. Michael Eneyo, a philosopher, the fearologist, lovist: is a
philosophical farmer whose duty is to plant knowledge in this field called universe.
The resounding philosophic dictum in most of his works is Love. For him, love is
the ultimate unifier of all fragments and their opposites. To support the above
dictum, he exhibited how different beings such as: animals, birds, human body,
plant, etc, are naturally connected with one another in the universe, which
according to him is predicated on love. He is of the opinion that the universe is
dialectically constituted and that every being is fundamentally guided by some set
of rules (p.25).
In one of his quotes he said: "don't desire to acquire so much wealth, but desire
that you live a happy life; true happiness is the greatest wealth". I agree with him.
From experience, we can see that people try to find happiness in material wealth,
but true happiness is not found in wealth. It can be in the forest, mountains, and
rivers or in nature itself. Happiness is a creation of the “self”; we are the one to
make ourselves happy no matter the situation. If we search for happiness in
politics, in business, in writing or in religion, we may not find it unless we choose
to be happy ourselves. When Socrates went out in search for wisdom among
politicians, authors, businessmen and among the youths of Athens, he couldn't
find it. Wisdom was already inside of him. It is the same way happiness is inside of
us, we only need to bring them out the way Socrates tried to bring out the
knowledge which he claimed was already in everyone.
Again, the author in this work says in another of his dictums that, "there is an
enduring battle between life and death. When life changes it battle ground, the
result is death, and when death changes, we call it life." Everyone is in-between life
and death. This again is very true. Absolutely, life is all about being saved from
death. Throughout our lives, we always try our best to ensure that we save it from death.
Eating, doing exercises, having balance diet, invention of medicines,
engaging in politics, enactment of certain laws, rules and regulations are mostly
associated with our fear of death. We are always in battle between life and death.
When we lose the battle for death, we die and if we win; we live. That is why we
always struggle to be the winner. Eneyo is right! All our struggles in life are
between life and death. Most people are afraid to die that is why they engage in
many activities that can prolong their lives.
Eneyo has cited a thought from Ernest Becker. Becker has said that all human
anxiety is ultimately a manifestation of their fear of death. This assertion is similar
to Eneyo’s. I am personally in agreement with Becker and Eneyo here. To add to
Becker’s assertion; depression, stress, mental problems are also ultimately
manifestations of humans fear of death.
In this book, Eneyo discusses that both the positive and the negative unity are
caused by love. But R. Michael Fisher, one of the renounced fearologists argues
that the kind of cultural unity discussed by Becker is caused by fear of terror; thus,
it cannot be interpreted as unity motivated by love, but Eneyo has successfully
prove his point in the pages of this book. This again depends on the belief or the
perspective Fisher is looking at fear. Fisher's department of specialty is on fear, so
his interpretation, no doubt seems to be influenced by his field of expertise. An
idealist once said to Sartre;"there is a god". He replied, "If there is a god, then
there must be existence". This means that things are necessitated by the
influence of other related things.
Another beautiful presentation of the illusion of division and disunity in this
naturally unified world is well captured when the author cited Osho as saying:
"Nations are just man made boundaries, races are stupid discriminations, and
religions are man-manufactured and they are all dividing man against man". This
is a dynamic approach. In fact it is true; we are now in the universe where human
beings have created for themselves; nations, boundaries, race, and classes. This
idea of division and disintegration is not original to humans. These are the factors
that divide us; thus, turning us into enemies to each other. Even though Osho
seems to have looked at this factor of division from human perspective, I want to
add that other non living factors like: technological machines, pollutions, and
bombs are also dividing us through the way they are used by humans. Though in
the beginning, man invented these facilities for his benefits, after awhile, the
supposedly benefits have evolved into abuse; thus, becoming enemies to man.
That is why Jean Jacques Rousseau says that everything was good in the state of
nature, but everything degenerates in the hands of man. In the state of nature
there was no man-made religion, boundaries, race and class; everything was part
of everything else. This kind of natural unity with a contemporary mindset is what
the book envisioned.
Michael Eneyo’s book on unity is a panacea for mutual cohesion in the
contemporary society that is characterized with all kinds of disunity. Unity is the
best solution to war, violence, conflict etc. I recommend readers to carefully go
through this masterpiece of Michael Eneyo on unity of beings. Not only will it help
you in understanding the international conflicts and how it can be addressed, but
will also help you to understand how to handle domestic violence and conflicts
too. Once we understand the root of war, violence and conflict, we will certainly
have solution for them. The book: Philosophy of Unity is indeed a compendium of
solutions to international and domestic conflict, war, violence and all forms of
civil unrest.
By Budheswar Bordoloi
In recognition of his exemplary and outstanding contribution in literature and culture,
he was honoured with many prestigious awards in India and abroad.
On the bank of the Kapali river, the greater area of Tumpreng in West Karbi Anglong, an isolated village, Mugasong is distinct amidst the marshy landscape of the area. In this tiny village, on 30th June 1969, a poor and humble farmer family, comprising Jay Bahadur Kafle and Pabitra Maya Devi, was blessed with a boy. Rana Kafle resembled “war” in Nepali.
Since his childhood Rana Kafle was regarded as a mediocre, simple, kind hearted and adventurous in nature. Starting with his primary education at a tender age from Mugasong L.P School, then Tumpreng H.S and Bhellapara High School, Kafle went on to pass his matriculation from Bhellapara High School and his college from Hojai College. Kafle went on to bag certificates, diplomas and degrees in various vocational courses too.
In course of time, Kafle grew up to be a man of influence in many ways in his area and in the state. A fine-looking man, as he was, Kafle emerged as a multifaceted personality, a resourceful philosopher, social worker, educationist, literature and cultural activist. His noted achievement was in promoting the “Indigenous Cultures of Assam” as a cinematographer, when his achievement was highlighted in one hundred “Indigenous Cultural Programmes” in the NE region through Doordarshan. He also achieved a progressive and extraordinary career in Radio and TV Channel through his “Exclusive Interviews” in India and abroad which are regarded as milestones in promoting culture, literature and fearism. During his school and college days, Kafle was actively involved in political activities, extending support and voicing concerns as student activist. He was an active designated member of AGSU, BGP, Assam Sahitya Sabha, Visha Nepali Sahitya Maha Sangam and so on. For Kafle, there was always handful of activities to do and indulge in. In recognition of his exemplary and outstanding contribution in literature and culture, he was honoured with many prestigious awards in India and abroad. These include:- Tilmati Bhaibad Puruskar 2014, Dharan, Nepal;,Keshar Dev Giniya Devi Bajaj Smriti Sanman 2015, Shillong, Meghalaya; Raghuvir Sharma Smriti Kadambari Sanman 2015, Jabalpur, MP; Bibhusan Shree Sanman 2015, Badayan, U.P, Kabya Kabid Rashtria Sanman 2016, Sonitpur, Haryana; Gobin Singh Smriti Sanman 2016, Muradabad U.P, Maharaj Jain Smriti Sanman 2016, Shillong, Meghalaya, Sahitya Ratna Manab Upadhi and Rameswari Devi Shiva Kumar Shastri Smriti Sanman 2016, Shrinath Dham, Rajasthan, Bhasa Bhusan Sanman 2016, Muradabad, U.P.; Sahitya Ratna Sanman 2017, Tezpur, Assam; Rashtriya Gaurab Sanman 2017, Chitaugarh, Akola, Rajasthan; Kanti Dhara Sahitya Ratna 2017, Meroth, UP; Sahitya Pratibha Sanman 2018, Muradabad, U.P.; Jyoti Shrastha Sanman, Kathmandu, Nepal.Another notable turning point in his life of activism was the coincident telephonic
conversation with Desh Subba, the founder and promoter of latest Philosophical Theory “Fearism”
Another notable turning point in his life of activism was the coincident telephonic conversation with Desh Subba, the founder and promoter of latest Philosophical Theory “Fearism”. From 2012 onwards he has been in constant touch with Desh Subba and has been involved in propagating this ideology in many parts of India and abroad. At the initial stage fearism was just a subject matter of “Research” for the common people. But it was Rana Kafle who propagated Fearism in its truest sense. In 2013 Rana Kalfe proposed to hold a Mega International Meet on Inter Cultural Relation and Fearism Programme at Dharan in Nepal which was organized by Fearism Study Center. In the meet 53 established writers including fifteen Sahitya Academy Winners from India participated and held interactions between the two countries. As a matter of fact the theory of Fearism evolved as an integral subject matter to discuss in the world arena. Meanwhile, the Sikkim University had already consented to include Fearism as an additional subject in the college syllabus. But then owing to unpublished scripts of the thoughts propagated by Desh Subba, no publication could be made available in the market. That very year in 2013 Rana Kafle resumed his unprecedented journey in the north eastern states, other parts of India and neighbouring countries including Bhutan, Myammar and Nepal to promote Fearism among the common people. He was a pioneer who upgraded an interaction programme “Face to Face” Basibialo (meaning ‘to interact at leisure’ in Nepali) and brought into limelight about Fearism as a universal subject as highly essential for the benefit of humankind. He also highlighted statistics and information directly to Desh Subba. As a matter of fact, he took initiatives to publish “Bhaibad” as a Nepali script through Sangrilla Prakashan, Kathmandu, Nepal. Later on, the same book was published in English, translated by Rajendra Subba and Bhabindra Kumar Rai under the publication house of xlibres.com by American Publisher to distribute in the world market.
Achievement of fearism after 2014
After the first publication of this book (Fearism) in 2014, Rana Kafle was conferred with the prestigious “Tilmati Bhaibad Puruskar” award for his strenuous work to promote and propagate “Fearism” in the world literature. This earned him indomitable fame and led to a series of other recognition and awards from various literary organizations in India and abroad. Through his verses Kafle elaborated broadly about Fear in vivid and distinct notations. Relating to this subject matter, Rana Kafle had published two precious books in Nepali, viz, “Bhai Darshan Ko Majherima” and “Bitunga”. In the initial book he highlights about his own experiences regarding fear. On the other hand, “Bitunga” is also a collection of essays which are based on fearism as a subject matter. In this book he states and demonstrates the pen picture of De Destination of cultural assimilations in the broad sense. The author also published “Nani Ki Kahaniya” a collection of Folk Tales of various tribes in Hindi. Apart from these some of the books which he published are Maya Ko Bandha (Nepali novel), , Hemprek (Assamese novel) based on Karbi Anglong political scenario), Bisphot Bhai Puchi (Nepali Short Stories), Astitya (Keshra: A new theme of Nepali Poetic Diction), Kapali Bagarma Butoliko Sabda Saru (Nepali Poetry) among others.
https://www.thehillstimes.in/featured/ana-kafle-in-the-realm-of-literature-and-fearism/
Book Title: Philosophy of Fear: A Move to Overcoming Negative Fear
Author: Michael Bassey Eneyo
Published by: Xlibris
Fear is like a two edge sword; it has the capacity to
build and also has the ability to destroy.
-Michael Bassey Eneyo (P. 115)
Author/Philosopher and Theologian Michael Bassey Eneyo is a young Fearist Philosopher from Nigeria. He was born in Ekpri Ikot Eyo Edem in Akpabuyo L.G.A. of Cross River State, Nigeria. He is currently working with the Nigeria Customs Service. At present, Eneyo is assiduously working on his next book, "Philosophy of Unity" which he had identified fear as an impediment to inclusive unity in the fifth chapter of the book.
In his "Philosophy of Fear: A Move to Overcoming Negative Fear", Eneyo has coined many words like: Abstract Nature of Fear, Accident of Fear, Categories of Fear, Faculty of Fear, Fear Conflict, Fear Storage, Fear Territory, etc. The first task of any philosopher is to build a house in which his philosophical ideas can be theorized. A given philosophical method/concept used by a philosopher becomes a house for such a philosopher. To build a philosophical house therefore, a philosopher must employ many philosophical materials. These materials are new words. With new words, it is easy to build a philosophical house. Eneyo has materials of words and he is using it in building his "Philosophy of Fear".
The author came up with new arguments about the notion of fear. He is not completely in agreement with the presentation of other world famous Fearogists like: Subba, Fisher and Kalu. In one of his dictums, he says, "Fear is like a two edge sword..." This dictum signals the positive and the negative nature of fear of which the author seeks to promote. The world is characterized with the positive and the negative categories of fear, he reasoned. The fearing nature of the world is what he called; "Fear Territory". In this territory, Eneyo argues that there are many faculties of fear dominated by a given pattern of fear in both positive and negative influences. He is of the opinion that negative fear can be overcome by love. Love is stronger than fear, he interprets. According to him, during "Fear Conflict," courage plays the mediator role.
"It can be argued that fear territory is like a deep ocean that accommodates
a vast amount of varieties of fish such that, no matter the number
of fishermen that fish from it, they can never finish the fish in it."
He has beautifully defined fear territory with an explicit example using fish and ocean to elucidate his analysis when he said: "It can be argued that fear territory is like a deep ocean that accommodates a vast amount of varieties of fish such that, no matter the number of fishermen that fish from it, they can never finish the fish in it."
Fear territory is like an ocean and the Fearologists are the fishermen. No matter how many fishermen that come to fish in the ocean, the fish will never finish. Similarly, many philosophers\ authors\ political leaders\spiritual leaders, etc, are all fishing in this ocean of fear, but fear still remains. Fear territory is also like the ocean of the Greek God Dionysus. According to the ancient myth, Socrates always defeats Dionysus in debate. Dionysus had been looking for a good chance to make a fool of Socrates. One day when Socrates was passing by the bank of ocean. He saw a man sitting near the ocean and pouring out handful of water. He had been casting water on the ground. He was doing this throughout the whole day. When Socrates saw him, he wondered and asked him, "what are you doing?' The Strange man replied, "I want to dry this ocean." Socrates laughed and mocked him, "You are one of the greatest fools in the world." Socrates didn’t know this stranger because he disguised himself as a fisherman. It was indeed a diamond opportunity for him to make fool of Socrates. He said, "You are trying to catch the soul. Soul is unlimited. In comparison to the soul he said; ocean is limited, why can’t I dry it?" When he listened to his logic, it shocked Socrates because he was right. Fear is unlimited like the soul of Socrates. This is rightly mentioned by the author in this book when he said “there is fear everywhere”.
The author sometimes agrees with other fearologists and some other times he disagrees. Amidst these arguments, he clearly made his logic of "Philosophy of Fear" so appealing. His criticism is the first bookish criticism in the world on fearism/fearology. Nobody had done an in-depth bookish criticism on fear study as Eneyo has done in his book. I am personally agreed with his logic and admire his courage.
"…If we fear God we would not be afraid of the world and if we are afraid of the world, we can never fear God" (p.16). Subba explains the above ideation of Eneyo as different levels of fear. Sometimes we are afraid of a small thing and at times the fear becomes dominated by bigger and the biggest kinds of fear. Often times we are afraid of blood pressure until more chronic disease which is more fearful than blood pressure appears. When blood cancer is diagnosed, blood pressure automatically becomes less fearful. Subba explained this in the case of Hemlock poison of Socrates. Socrates was not afraid to die, but he was rather afraid to stain his soul with dirt of immorality. This is exactly what Eneyo has critically analyzed here.
Of all the Fearologists of the world, none had ever made declaration on fearism that captures the foundation for fearism studies of which all fearologists should uphold. Eneyo became the first fearologist to have made this declaration without any hesitation and delay; what he called, “Fearism Declaration 2018”. This declaration is justified, holding to the fact that 2018 is the year many Fearologists of the world have written differently on fear related topics, yet, they all hold onto the dictum that “fear is fundamental to all mankind.” It is also in 2018 that the author himself was actively involved in the grant mission of Fearism Movement as an emerging philosophy that seeks the liberation of human beings from negative fear and how positive fear can be used to the advantage of human beings in the 21st century and beyond.
In this book the author opined: "We do not agree with Subba that knowledge is the originating source of fear; this does not also deny the fact that knowledge of the potential danger of a thing generates fear" (P. 55). So far, in the aspect of sources of fear, it seems to me that Eneyo didn’t understand clearly my view on the sources of fear. In my book, Philosophy of Fearism I have written that source of fear is not consciousness, but knowledge. And the source of that knowledge is from the caricature of meaning. It also means that source of fear is the meaning we give about what we know, and not knowledge itself. I had differentiated between knowledge and meaning in my treatise. Normally, knowledge and meaning look like synonyms but they vary.
He had added a lot of Efik's myths to decorate his philosophy. I think these myths have honestly performed their duty. The myths of Spittle, Fattening Room, Clay Pot, and Clean Environment are admirable examples. In these myths, the central message is that fear is conductor, director and controller of life, society and nation. This message is tinged with the “Fearism Declaration 2018” which says that fear is fundamental to all mankind. Using the myth of clean environment, the governor Mr. Donald Etim Duke had implemented many developmental projects that attract tourists all over the world to Calabar as the result of the cleanliness of the city of Calabar. The fear of Abassi [God] and Atai [God’s wife] also played significant role in maintaining mutual coexistence among the Efik people of Nigeria. Most countries and peoples of the world also have their own myths or beliefs that guide them to achieve their goals. The fear and respect for Abassi [God] helps them to keep peace, developed and be happy. In another words, the fear of God in a great extent plays the role of the law, court and government in the Efik society.
The book has indeed brought up some of the aspects which were not covered by other Fearologists. The emergence of this book is like a river that flows into the ocean. I highly recommend it for your reading and I see it as a paradigm for fear management. It is hoped that one day, the book will be used in fear related courses in universities.
The book is chaptered into nine with a total of 164 pages. It is available in major online platforms for your purchase. It goes for: price kindle $4.99 and paperback $20.69 respectively.
(Socrates seems to have spent most of his time in the agora, or marketplace, discussing all sorts of things.)
An interview conducted by a Nepalese journalist, Raj Sargam of the Nepal Time Magazine with Desh Subba, the founder of Fearism Movement.
Date: 1st September 2018,
Trans. by Desh Subba
Edited by Michael Bassey Eneyo
Socrates ran Agora school [teaching in the market places].
Plato ran academy, while Aristotle ran Lyceum.
Philosophers from France and Germany ran schools in tea and coffee houses.
Desh Subba is a poet, novelist and a philosopher from Nepal. He has been working on the development of "Philosophy of Fearism" for some years now. "The Tribesmen's Journey to Fearlessness" is his first Fearism-based novel. He is on the course of introducing Fearism [philosophy] through poem, drama and epic. In the interview published in Nepal Time Magazine, Raj Sargam began the interview by asking Desh Subba how Fearism as a school of thought can handle the problem of fear which seems to be fundamental to every life. Below is the interview.
Raj: I know it is true that everybody has one kind of fear or the other. I equally believe that the young generations are suffering from depression. How does Fearism handle such problems?
Desh: Fear is natural to human beings. No matter our level of exposure, we cannot completely eliminate fear. Fearism as a movement is focusing on how human beings can understand fear more insightfully, how fear can be controlled, managed and applied for the good of human beings. We have read classical philosophies regarding states, citizens, capitalism, struggles, happiness and pleasure. If we should get to the root of all these philosophies, we will see that none of them has really emphasised on the importance of fear. We can take example from the "Ring of Gyges" mentioned in the Republic of Plato. This mythical and magical ring saves people from fear of being caught and punished when they do something wrong. But even at that, nobody actually acknowledged the importance or the role fear in the affairs of human beings.
The entire world and its life can be looked at with the eyes of fear [Fearism lens]. It is not only the new generations that are suffering from fear; our ancestors were also suffering from it. Invention of stone weapons, dwelling in the cage and the worship of nature were parts of the witnesses to the influence of fear in the ancient period. We are in continuation of the same fearful influence. But today, it is manifesting in the mask of modernism.
I have said elsewhere that each era is an era of extreme fear, because each era carries its optimum level of knowledge, rationality and invention which are motivated by fear. The difference between the past and the present level of fear is shown in different ways through which human beings have adopted in the attempts to better their lives. The ancient period was not such a competitive and a corporate society as it is today. In our present generation, we have witnessed so many competitions: among students, in the areas of sports, employment, acquisition of wealth, among peers, family members, colleagues in the office, market men/women, etc. There’re so much depressions today. Depression begins anytime we fail to achieve any of our expectations. When this is the case, all the experiences during these periods increase our fears.
But then, depression is not limited to the scope of depression, it expands beyond. It creates more hazardous situations. I know people often mention sources of hazardous situations, but nobody seems to have mentioned fear as part of it. This may have been predicated on the fact that we didn’t have theory that can explain the workings of fear. After the development of Fearism Movement, Fearism traditions began to spring up. One of the Fearism dictums says: "Don't keep fear of competition an irrelevant prestige." Avoidance of unnecessary competition, desire and interest keep us safe from depression and mental sickness. So Fearism provide the methods that can help human beings handle the challenges of fear and depression.
Raj: You are trying to establish Fearism with the help of Fearism Study Centre. What will be the role of Fearism activities in Nepalese’s literature?
Desh: In any serious philosophical movement, there is always a tradition of schooling. Socrates ran Agora school [teaching in the market places]. Plato ran academy, while Aristotle ran Lyceum. Philosophers from France and Germany ran schools in tea and coffee houses.
When a person becomes famous in his philosophy, such philosophy will certainly convert into school. It is my belief that to establish Fearism, we need a school [i.e. we need fear education] and Fearism Study Centre is our school.
Fearism Study Centre is not only domiciling in Nepal, it will soon kick start in Nigeria. It is going to be run by Nigerian philosopher Osinakachi Akuma Kalu and his friends Michael Eneyo, Augustus Chukwu and others who have shown commitment in Fearism Movement. It is still in its starting phase, it would be extended to other countries as time goes on. At present, R. Michael Fisher has founded The Fearology Institute in Canada which is an integral part of Fearism.
Nepalese’s literature is traditionally divided into group(ism) and not into the formal method of schooling. The formal pattern of schooling gives more knowledge. My ambition has been to take Fearism beyond the Nepalese’s traditional literary circle and that ambition is already yielding positive result as you can see.
Raj: In following Fearism as your new discovered paradigm, are you not missing poem and novel writings?
Desh: yes! At the surface, I missed them, but in a more critical look, I am still doing them under Fearism [though in a subtle manner]. Literature has multiple genres, but Philosophy is above all literary genres. Story, poem, essay and epic cannot sustain for a long time if they are not rooted in a given philosophy. Writing or any form of theory can only be sustained if it is rooted in a strong philosophy. I have potentialities of many writing genres. But in the face of philosophy, other genres are dimmed. If one man has many genres, he will likely be addressed by the one he is noted to doing better and not by all the genres. Jean Paul Sartre had many writings, but people addressed him as a Philosopher.
Raj: You used to say Fearism is isolated philosophy. How do you mean and to what extent is the influence of Fearism apart from in Nepal?
Desh: Actually, I don't have deeper understanding of this saying of Nepalese believers: "Dark underneath the lamp." Fearism to me is isolated philosophy in Nepal because we do not really have many philosophers here working to develop contemporary philosophies. Fearism Movement goes beyond our home philosophy which is embedded in our culture. We often talked about culture at home, but our literature and philosophy are not separated from our culture. This makes it somewhat difficult to say that we have a philosophy of our own. It is not right to expect a highly philosophical culture in those countries where the culture of doing philosophy is not developed.
Professors are in competition to be the first follower of western philosophy.
They dream to be the first followers and never dreaming to be leaders of new ideas or philosophy.
Here in Nepal, we have less leading characters; we only have people with the mentality of wanting to be good followers. Professors are in competition to be the first follower of western philosophy. They dream to be the first followers and never dreaming to be leaders of new ideas or philosophy. This is the reason I said Fearism is in far distance among professors and students of Nepal.
Edward Said had opined: "Westerns have a capacity to define eastern." We imbibe the culture of followership; we follow the culture of the west. When they say, “You are stupid and arrogance” we nod our heads and answer 'yes'. This is a kind of slave mentality. Easterners have the habit of being happy in Western definitions to things. It is exclusively implemented in the philosophical minds of most Nepalese. This tendency discourages and disqualifies us from aspiring for leadership position in the global community. Today, Fearism is gradually becoming popular in some states of India and in Nigeria. These countries are trying to develop a culture of original definitions to life. This is the reason we can see many Nigerian Philosophers coming up with original ideas to the study of fear.
Raj: There is increase of the numbers of murder, violence and rape in the society now. Can Philosophy of Fearism give explanation to this or not?
Desh: Violence, murder and war are caused by fear. Very rare may be resulted from other reasons, but fear is mostly the reason. After the murder comes more fear. The one that kills become afraid of the likely consequence of his action. Sometimes the impact of it extends like Pyramid and sometimes like rectangle. If somebody has fear of being killed by someone, and he decided to kill the person in order to eliminate his fear and become fearless. After killing the supposed source of fear [the person], he will discover that killing is never elimination of fear, rather, it ushered us into another domain of fear-the fear of the punishment for killing by the family and the society as stipulated by law.
There are many of such people in the society. Thug, corruptor, liar, killer, raper, murderer and dishonest always feel the presence of surveillance cameras everywhere they go even when there is no such thing. The impact of fear depends on the gravity of the offence. Those who commit grievous sin always forget taste of food and sleep. They have the illusion of somebody following or talking about them. A particular fear can expand and become as big as the black sky.
In Nepal and India, the numbers of murder and violence cases are increasing by the day. Less fear of law is the reason of it. In most cases, either the leaders are involved in the breaking of the law or they provide protection for those who break the law. Even the states seem not to adhere to the dictum of the law; this definitely increases murder, rape and violence cases in the land.
This state of lawlessness depicts Thomas Hobbes’ State of Nature; where life was brutal, nasty and short. This is a kind of "Modern Wild Kingdom" where law is no longer regarded as a guide. This is the main problem I have seen about South Asia and Africa in recent times. When a given country or an individual begins to fear and have respect for law that is when a state can be said to be a lawful state. Then violence, murder and rape are likely to be swiped from such a state.
"Philosophy of Fearism" is a unique Philosophy.
Prepared by Nunuta Rai
Translated by Desh Subba
Edited by Michael Bassey Eneyo
Published Saturday 2 September, 2018 Naya Patrika, Daily, Kathmandu, Nepal
For 19 years now, Desh Subba of Dharan, Nepal has made Hong Kong a workmanship of a new philosophy. There, he has borne a new vision – 'Fearism'. Subba had revealed that within four years, his book on Philosophy has won 10 International Awards. He had conceived the new idea of Philosophy of Fearism about two decades ago. But his fearism ideas came to the public domain just about four years back. Bhayabad which is Nepal’s name for “Philosophy of Fearism” was translated into English with the above name as its title, and published in 2014. The publication offers the book a wider readership, thus, making it even more popular in the global society. Since then, Fearism as a philosophical movement has attracted many followership from different parts of the world and the movement is growing rapidly. Amongst the members of the movement are: the Indian author B. Maria Kumar, R. Michael Fisher and Desh Subba who had jointly wrote a book entitled: "Fear, Law and Criminology critical issues in applying the Philosophy of Fearism", Dr. R. Michael Fisher and Desh Subba had equally coauthored a book titled: "Philosophy of Fearism- East-West Dialogue". These books are all published by the American Publisher, Xlibris.
Right now, there are many books published on the basis of Fearism. According to Subba, based on the Philosophy of Fearism, a Canadian author Michael Fisher has written many articles on fearism. Also, two Nigerian authors Osinakachi Akuma Kalu and Michael Bassey Eneyo have published books with the titles- "The First Stages of the Fearologist and "Philosophy of Fear: A Move to Overcoming Negative Fear" respectively. Similarly, Indian authors, B. Maria Kumar and B. S. Susmita have recently coauthored the book "The Youth Don't Cry". The book has given high respect to Philosophy of Fearism. This article is necessitated by the conversation that took place between feature writer of Naya Patrika Daily Newspaper Nunuta Rai and Propounder of Philosophy of Fearism, Desh Subba.
State, Police, army, hospital, law, society, court, government, school, insurance, bank, etc, are established to minimize fear. Fear is behind all these.
The Beginning of Philosophy of Fearism
The beginning of "Philosophy of Fearism" can be said to be accidentally emerged. In 1999, I prepared a book entitled 'Ujad' (Desolate). A friend of mine Sharan Subba after reading the manuscript, he underlined the word Bhayabad with a red ink. I thought of it deeply for quite a long time about the word. “This can be different” I pondered. Then I began to reason that the word could be installed as a philosophy. From then, friends and I started discussing fearism, it was from the several discussions with friends that I came up with the name, Philosophy of Fearism. Fearism as a philosophical movement was first mentioned in a Tapu Magazine in 2005.
This magazine was published in Hong Kong. While Fearism Study centre was established in 2009 with many followers supporting it. Prof. Tanka Prasad Neupane is the first installed Chairman of the movement. Every year the Centre awards "Tilmati Fearism Award" to an author who writes about Fearism. So far, Rana Kafle of Assam, India and Rajendra Guragain have been awarded. This year, a Nigerian author Osinakachi Akuma Kalu has equally been awarded for his book titled "The First Stage of the Fearologist." This is a clear indication that Fearism Movement is growing.
What is Philosophy of Fearism?
Philosophy of Fearism is an emerging philosophy that deals basically with the problems of fear. Since the beginning of civilization we have had different kinds of fear that affect humanity in both positive and negative ways. Till today, fear is still taking the center place in our societies. Fear itself seems to me the most basic to every other philosophy. Actually, Life is conducted, directed and controlled by fear. Our invention, construction, etc, are as consequences of one form of fear or another. State, Police, army, hospital, law, society, court, government, school, insurance, bank all were established to minimize fear. Fear is behind all these. We have fear of death, fear of prestige, fear of disease, fear of property, fear of society, etc.
How is Fearism a philosophy?
The base of all philosophies is fear, and fear is a Life carrier word. It is fear that raises consciousness and life. Unlike Marxism, materialism and idealism which are just words that don’t give the meaning of life, fear defines life. Although the above words also have the suffix “ism” just like fearism. This suffix has also given them philosophical coronation, but even at that, they all stood at the base of Fearism because they do not give the meaning of life, Subba reasoned.
Philosohy of Fearism raises consciousness and life. Marxism, Materialism and Idealism are just words; they don't give the meaning of life. These “isms” stood at the base of Fearism.
Philosophy of Fearism teaches the solutions to the problems of life. Subba believes that excess of fear, less fear or absence of fear is a problem. For him, moderate fear solves problem. For example, a student who studies hard does so for fear of failing an examination. When he has more fear, he will not do well in the examination even when he had study hard. Supposing also that the said student does not have the fear of failing his/her exams, he/she wouldn’t study hard. If he/she has the fear of failing, he/she will certainly study hard and write the exams well, thus scoring high marks when the result is out. The motive of Fearism as a new philosophical movement is to prevent any accidents of fear and as such, make life better. Fearism teaches us how to live a comfortable life.
Philosophy of Fearism is not a literature ?
Fearism can be used in literature, music and art but it is not literature itself. Entry of Fearism in literature, music and art help man to get more understanding. We have been observing life through ideologies but ideologies make life more difficult. Just like how Marxism, Existentialism, Idealism, Deconstruction and other philosophies came into literature, music and art; similarly Fearism has also come into different aspects of life including literature. Fearism is a world lens to see life, literature, art, psychology, sociology and other fields of studies. It does not only look at challenges of human beings, it also looks at animals and birds and the entire world issues.
Obviously we cannot see sexual desire, anger, illusion, temptation, jealously, greed, hatred and faith in animals and birds. But fear can be seen in different ways from a far distance. When we talk of seeing fear, we mean experiencing fear and its symptoms. When pullets see the hawk in the sky, they run away with the screaming noise. Some living creatures escape for safety when they see lion and pantheon. Because the living creatures are already aware of the natural disaster like: earthquake and Tsunami, so they run for safety when such disaster occurs. When we seek for a way to save our life from various accidents, fear is always the reason.
We must have fear treatment centres?
To know fear, to be rescued from fear, to be protected from fear, to treat fear properly, we must have fear education institutes, colleges and universities. It is necessary to have fear treatment centres and doctors. The world is getting more dangerous, increase terrorist activities; people have become racists and regionalists. The image of classless society is not enough to overcome fear. And even if we have classless society, we cannot be fearless. To fight all these fear problems, we must have knowledge about fearism. Hence, we must visit treatment centre, because a good knowledge of fear can save us from suicide, murder, panic, war, rape, invasion and failure. Such knowledge made for a calm and a coordinative society.
Growing Followers ?
Nowadays followers of Fearism Movement are growing. In comparison, Africa has the highest number. The reason for these growing followers from Africa is because of fear of war, violence and starvation that is prevalent in the continent, with the growing civil war as the main reason. Africa, by my assessment, is "Fear danger zone". Fearism also has many followers in north east India as well because of the problems of racists and regionalists. Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur and Assam have these problems. Where there are many fearful situations, there is likely to be more followers.
Recognizing towards Philosophy ?
Philosophy of Fearism is a re-explanation of all other philosophies, ideal, life, death and all aspects of existence. The questions of; what is fear, from where does it come? What could be its effect? And how can it be cured, etc, cannot find detailed research, thesis and explanations anywhere except in fearism centre. There’s fear everywhere. When we depart from home we have fear and when we return, there’s fear also. We wake up from sleep with the fear of how the day would be, and we go to bed with the fear of what the night holds for us. Government, Bank, Hospital, School and Society were set up to protect us against fear and also to rescue human persons from fear. People embrace these institutions because they want to be saved. Taking all these into consideration, we will agree that Philosophy of Fearism has explanation for all questions about fear. It functional formula is life-consciousness-knowledge-fear-cognition/Fearism.
All creatures have consciousness. Because of consciousness man has knowledge and this knowledge creates fear. To get rid of fear, we find ourselves running everywhere. Fear made us form organizations and create countries. In the course of looking for safety, we kill others. This tradition is common in developing society. We are neither running according to Hierarchy of needs of Abraham Maslow nor running in the name of class struggle as Marx declared. Fear makes us run away from others, thus rendering us lonely. We were lonely during the ancient civilization, and today we are sitting in the middle of society but still lonely.
Before now, the Freudian psychoanalysis, used to put mental patients in dark room, tied them up with ropes and get them tortured. But today, worldwide these patients are easily classified. The sicknesses associated with mental problem have been identified and the corresponding treatments have been developed. But at present, fear patients are not treated, and if they do, they’re not properly treated just like mental patients of the 18th century. Treatment of fear patients hasn’t yielded good result yet.
Fear patients must be treated with fear vaccines in fearism method. They must be cured in a fear treatment centre, where there’re fear vaccines (theories) to treat them with. These vaccines or theories must be known and adopted by fear doctors (fearists/fearologists) and then administer to fear patients by the doctors based on their method(s) of prescription in their treatment centre. Thus, Philosophy of Fearism is that school where doctors of fear patients are trained. Courses like: thought of fear, sources of fear, kinds of fear, effects of fear, fear age, fear treatment and other fear related courses are taught. It is in need an emerging philosophy of the 21st century for the treatment of fear.
After receiving the awards Subba who was overwhelmed with joy exclaimed:
"I have received these awards as a sign of acceptance of the "Philosophy of Fearism" by the Western world and I am lucky".
Born in Dharan, Nepal, Desh Subba the author of the "Philosophy of Fearism" is a philosopher, a poet and a novelist. Due to his employment, Subba has been living in Hong Kong with his family for two decades now. His scholarly prowess became eminent when he began to advocate for the "Philosophy of Fearism" in Hong Kong. At the initial stage of his voyage, his intimate friends who were poets, authors and those with philosophical background mocked him when he talked about the concept of 'Fearism' with them. But Subba never gave up; rather, he persisted in his mission of making "Philosophy of Fearism" an emerging paradigm in the contemporary time. He continued engaging in writing, rewriting, describing and explaining his concept of fear continuously for 17 years.
"Philosophy of Fearism" was already popular in North East India having been presented by Subba at the International Conference in Dharan, Nepal, a conference which was attained by 55 International Scholars from North East India.
Subba's efforts began to yield good results, as he pushed his idea to the limelight by translating in English "Philosophy of Fearism" was published in July 2014. Xlibris publication introduced his philosophy to the international world and later Nepalese language published by Kitab Ghar Kathmandu Publication. His other book: "Philosophy of Fearism-First East West Dialogue," which he described as, "Western and Eastern lens" is coauthored by a Canadian Philosopher, R. Michael Fisher. Soon after the publication of "Philosophy of Fearism," there was an international book competition. Competitors were invited from all over the world, and all English books were eligible. Subba, a courageous author filled the form and registered to participate. At the end of the competition, "Philosophy of Fearism" emerged the winner. "Philosophy of Fearism" gained more popularity and international recognition after winning three International Awards from the United States of America (USA). Interestingly, Desh Subba has become the first Nepalese to have won this International Award(s) and he is among the few writers across the globe to have won two International Awards within two months (National Indie Excellence Award on 18th May 2015 and New York Book Fest Award on 11th June 2015). For the National Indie Excellence Award, a total of 1, 200 (one thousand two hundred) competitors participated, Subba's book emerged the best. After receiving the awards Subba who was overwhelmed with joy exclaimed: "I have received these awards as a sign of acceptance of the "Philosophy of Fearism" by the Western world and I am lucky".
These awards have helped in promoting 'Fearism', on this Subba said: "It is the best medium to take Nepalese books to international market". Today, many researchers, authors and students from all fields of studies are researching on Subba's works on 'Fearism' on the Internet. After the first three International Awards, Subba has won seven more awards in Philosophy, Non-fiction and Spirituality/Religion, making a total of 10 International awards: a height that is difficult to imagine.
The main theme of his philosophy is that: all aspects of life are controlled by an emerging pattern of fear. He continued that positive utilization gives success, progress, development, pleasure and peace. While negative utilization gives terror, violence, anarchy, dictatorship and corruption. Subba observed that in the ancient times, inventions and the use of weapons, dwelling in the cave and worshipping of natural gods were as the result of fear. Every invention Subba said has its motivation from fear. As of the time of the publication of the news on his award on "Philosophy of Fearism', SARS and Ebola viruses were spreading with their emerging kinds of fear. It was during this period also, that the agitation among the International Organizations for the need to control global warming which was perceived as a threat to entire human existential conditions was at its top of discussion. The tension posed by the global warming necessitated the international communities to work assiduously to contend. The motivating factor for these International responses is the fear of death and extinction. Thus, "Philosophy of Fearism" is an emerging paradigm for how the problems of fear characterizing every extent can be managed.
It was published in Kantipur daily news paper, Nepal 11 August, 2015, news by Pradeep Menyangbo, translated by Desh Subba and edited by author Michael Eneyo.
'Philosophy of Fearism' Offers Treatment for Fear Patients
-an Interview with Desh Subba
Desh Subba
Some years back he wrote a novel 'Insult' that made him popular; he then brought out a non-fiction book 'Philosophy of Fearism.’ More than a decade later he is leader of the' Philosophy of Fearism' movement. Deepak Sapkota talks with Subba on the foundations of Fearism:
Deepak: You have written a book Philosophy of Fearism. You have said, world, earth, life and air of our breathing, and there is also fear; “everyone lives in fear.” Do you want to extend fear’s importance?
Desh: It is not my intention to extend fear. I didn't say live in fear. We are living in fear. I said live with the unveiling of the cover of fear. For those who are running breathless in fear, I told them to run with fearless breath. You can see businessmen, employees, in the name of progress and success, they are breathless in running. People of Nepal often rush like this. Abroad, also people are taking their breakfast and lunch while running in their cars. If they don't run at this modern speed they fear losing business, job and prestige. There is fear in our breathing air. If not fear why should we use mask? Fear comes together with consciousness and breath. We are doing many activities to save our breath. Fear is a giant.
Deepak: What is Fearism? Please tell us in simple language?
Desh: Fearism is a combination of life, consciousness, knowledge, fear and cognition. We always have fear of dying in starvation and disease. We have fear of accident, incident and some problems. To manage our life from these fears we are motivated to doing invention, construction, profession and employment. Philosophy of Fearism is a philosophical explanation of all these.
Deepak: You said, “Life is conducted, directed and controlled by fear.” How it can be? Life is impossible without fear?
Desh: Among all, fear of starvation is the highest. Is there any meaning dying by courage? We are conducted by fear. To rescue, it conducts to work, when working, doing carefully otherwise can dismiss. This directs and controls us. That's why I said, “life is conducted, directed and controlled by fear.” In the life fear is everywhere.
Deepak: Fear can be the subject of thesis, study and research? How can it be 'ism'? People might say it is nonsense?
Desh: I never meant for 'ism' as some formula. I did not read it has length, width, height, area, volume, color and taste. Zero has 'ism'. Absurdly has 'ism'. You used insulted word; has air 'ism' too? Marx, Lenin and Mao has 'ism'. If we calculate in percentage, how many people have Marx, Lenin and Mao in their life? How many percentages do you have? 7 billion people of earth, how many of them have? But fear is with everyone. Human to animal all has fear then cannot it be 'ism'? And how is it possible Marx, Lenin and Mao to be 'ism'? How strange is the game of words and beliefs? 7 billion people and animal have fear, how can it be nonsense? Logic of fear(ism) cannot be mere philosophy as baseless. It is empirical fact.
Deepak: What is the reason for a deep study of fear? What advantage for society?
Desh: All human beings live in fear. They are encircled by many fears. They feel it. They are living with the thorns of death, disease, damage, accident and problems. Because of fear they are terrified and doing killings. This forces me to do deep study. In this vast human disaster, I thought I can make a contribution toward something good being done? What are sources of their fear? What happens more or less due to fear? These kinds of thoughts were coming in my mind. I thought of the many accidents of the world. I came to the conclusion most all sources of many problems are fear. Since early civilization fear can be taken as negative but I asked how can it be made positive? Moral questions were in my mind. How to make comfort from it? Many questions were hovering inside me. Then fearism emerged as an idea. It is not negative as normal mass understand fear. The most positive things of life are due to fear. Balance of fear has leaded us to success. Life makes us happy and peaceful. Innovative parts of life are defined by fearism.
Deepak: Fear is director of life, Universe, black hole of space, light, creator, seer, mystery, beauty, courage, super power, parent, law and god. End with God is fear. These are your many meanings of fear in your book. It looks very abstract isn't it?
Desh: It is not abstract, it is simple. It looks strange because nobody explained fear like this before, not from this perspective. Michel Foucault said, 'knowledge is power.' Doesn't it look strange too? Does to know about dying have power? Take the example of law, does not its main motive come from fear and create fear? Nobody will follow law if it cannot create fear. Fear is a law, it is not abstract.
Deepak: After reading your book, readers may recognize they suffer from depression. Except fearful readers cannot see, listen and understand anything about fear. Is your book about creating fear?
Desh: After reading philosophy of fearism, this does not take readers to depression but helps them to see they may be a fear patient. It helps to reduce depression, stress, and violence created by doubt and fear. It gives an idea of the source of depression, it offers reason and explanation and routes of fear so they can better manage fear.
[Originally published in Friday entertainment paper March 27, 2015. It is sister news paper of second popular daily Nagrik news paper of Nepal. Interview was by sub-editor Deepak Sapkota. [Original in Nepalese, trans. to English by Desh Subba, editing for English, by R. Michael Fisher]